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    • 1  Research Progress of Vascular Mechanobiology in 2023
    ZOU Minwen ,  HAN Yue
    2024, 39(1):9-16. DOI: 10.16156/j.1004-7220.2024.01.002
    [Abstract](394) [HTML](273) [PDF 7.80 M](28707)
    Abstract:
    The cardiovascular system is a mechanical system with the heart as the center and blood vessels as the network. Mechanical forces play a direct and key role in regulating the physiological state and pathological process of the cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, hypertension and stroke have similar pathological basis, that is, vascular remodeling caused by vascular dysfunction and abnormal damage. Therefore, investigating how mechanical forces produce biological effects that lead to vascular remodeling, and elucidating cardiovascular mechanical signal transduction pathways and mechanical regulation pathways are of great research significance for in-depth understanding of the nature of cardiovascular disease occurrence. In this review, different mechanical forces and key mechanical response molecules were used as clues, and the latest research progress of vascular mechanobiology in 2023 was summarized. These results provide new ideas for further exploring the role of mechanical factors in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, and providing markers and potential targets for early diagnosis of the disease.
    2  Progress of Biomechanics in Orthodontics
    JING Dian ,  WANG Ruiqing ,  FANG Bing
    2023, 38(5):864-873. DOI: 10.16156/j.1004-7220.2023.05.003
    [Abstract](3243) [HTML](64) [PDF 1.03 M](27945)
    Abstract:
    Oral biomechanics, an important fundamental discipline within orthodontics, continually evolves and expands upon traditional orthodontic mechanical systems. As advancements in new orthodontic devices and techniques persist, interest within the field progressively focuses on the investigation of biomechanical effects of various orthodontic systems. Furthermore, relentless optimization, innovation, and breakthroughs in oral biomechanics technology offer an essential pathway to simulate and understand the biomechanical impacts within orthodontic treatment more accurately. This review primarily summarized the research development from the recent years across three principal orthodontic treatment systems: fixed orthodontics, invisible orthodontics, and orthopedic treatment, including orthodontic concepts, emergence of new technologies, and implementations of novel biomechanical techniques within these systems.
    3  Research Progress of Spinal Biomechanics in 2023
    WU Aimin ,  GUO Zhenyu ,  WANG Xiangyang
    2024, 39(2):187-196. DOI: 10.3871/j.1004-7220.2024.02.001
    [Abstract](415) [HTML](192) [PDF 5.02 M](27330)
    Abstract:
    Spine is one of the most important skeletal structures in human body. It has the function of protecting the spinal cord, supporting body weight, slowing impact and allowing flexible movement of the trunk. The study of spinal biomechanics is very important for a comprehensive understanding of the structure and function of the spine and the pathogenesis of diseases. In 2023, scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of researches on spine related biomechanics, including the cognitive aspects on basic biomechanics of the spine, the changes in mechanical properties of the spine under pathological conditions, and the design of various treatment methods of spinal diseases based on biomechanical researches. This review focuses on the research progress of spinal biomechanics, and introduces several typical spinal diseases or pathological states as examples.
    4  Application of atomic force microscopy in ultrastructure and biomechanics of cells and biomacromolecules
    ZHU Jie ,  GUO Lian-hong ,  WANG Guo-dong ,  OUYANG Wu-qing
    2012, 27(3):355-360. DOI: 10.3871/j.1004-7220.2012.03.360.
    [Abstract](9646) [HTML](0) [PDF 12.98 M](27034)
    Abstract:
    To be the representative fruition resulted from the rapid development in micro-nano theory and technology, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has greatly promoted the expansion of biological research in micro-nano scale, and facilitated the birth and development of micro-nano biology as an important technique in its 25-year evolutional progress. Based on the fundamental principles and detection modes of AFM, as well as the author’s research findings and work experience in this field, the paper reviews the application of AFM in the study on ultrastructure and biomechanical properties of cells and biomacromolecules in the aspects of biological structure and morphology, surface physicochemical characterization and mechanical manipulation of biological macromolecules, and focus on some important scientific and technical problems on AFM in micro-nano biomedical research needed to be improved and solved urgently, with exploratory insights and recommendations for potential users in ultrastructure and biomechanics of cells and biomacromolecules.
    5  Research Progress of Foot and Ankle Sports Injuries in 2023
    LI Hongyun ,  HUA Yinghui
    2024, 39(2):197-206. DOI: 10.3871/j.1004-7220.2024.02.002
    [Abstract](310) [HTML](212) [PDF 2.47 M](26958)
    Abstract:
    Ankle sports medicine is an emerging discipline that has gradually emerged and flourished in recent years, and it mainly focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of ankle ligament, tendon, and cartilage injuries. In this article, the relevant literature on foot and ankle sports injuries published in internationally renowned journals in the year 2023 was searched, and the latest research progress in this field was reviewed, in order to provide new ideas for future research, diagnosis, and treatment.
    6  Advances in Vascular Biomechanics and Mechanobiology
    ZHANG Hongping ,  ZHAO Chuanrong ,  WANG Guixu
    2024, 39(1):17-23. DOI: 10.16156/j.1004-7220.2024.01.003
    [Abstract](515) [HTML](271) [PDF 1008.29 K](26833)
    Abstract:
    Vascular biomechanics mainly explores how vascular cells perceive mechanical stimuli, how mechanics affects the development of diseases, and the exploitation of various mathematical models to analyze the effects of mechanical factors on diseases. In recent years, researches in the field of vascular biomechanics are developing rapidly, and various research teams have analyzed the mechanical and biological processes of blood vessels from different directions, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of vascular biomechanical factors affecting the progression of various vascular diseases, and provide a theoretical basis based on the mechanobiology for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. This article summarizes and discusses the recent research hotspots and emerging trends in the field of vascular mechanobiology based on domestic and foreign expert teams and combined with our team's research work, thus providing a systematic framework for grasping hotspots and exploring new research directions in the field of vascular mechanobiology.
    7  Mechanosensors in Osteocytes
    LIU Yanwei ,  GONG He ,  WANG Xinyu ,  YANG Qifan ,  LIU Shun ,  ZHU Dong
    2024, 39(2):207-213. DOI: 10.3871/j.1004-7220.2024.02.003
    [Abstract](448) [HTML](202) [PDF 1007.83 K](26617)
    Abstract:
    Osteocytes are the most abundant and long-lived cells in bone, serving as primary regulators of bone remodeling. Besides playing critical roles in endocrine regulation and calcium-phosphate metabolism, osteocytes are primary responders to mechanical stimuli, perceiving and responding to these stimuli directly and indirectly. The process of mechanotransduction in osteocytes is a complex and finely tuned regulation involving interactions between the cell and its surrounding environment, neighboring cells, and various mechanosensors within the cells with distinct functions. The known major mechanosensors in osteocytes include primary cilia, piezo ion channels, integrins, extracellular matrix, and connexin-based intercellular junctions. These mechanosensors play crucial roles in osteocytes, perceiving and transducing mechanical signals to regulate bone homeostasis. This review aims to provide a systematic introduction to these five mechanosensors, offering new perspectives and insights into understanding how osteocytes respond to mechanical stimuli and maintain bone tissue homeostasis.
    8  Research Progress on Mechanobiology of Mitochondria
    NA Jing ,  ZHENG Lisha ,  FAN Yubo
    2024, 39(3):545-551.
    [Abstract](278) [HTML](99) [PDF 1.88 M](25967)
    Abstract:
    Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles, which not only provide energy and material basis for cells, but also regulate cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis. Cell fate is regulated by mechanical cues from the microenvironment. Recent studies have shown that energy metabolism is regulated by mechanical cues. Mitochondria can act as mechanical sensors and hubs that connect the mechanics and metabolism to regulate cell fate. A deep understanding of the relationship between the mechanical microenvironment and mitochondrial metabolism provides sufficient guidance for promoting tissue regeneration and treating diseases. In this review, the progression in mitochondrial mechanobiology is mainly introduced and its potential applications in tissue regeneration and disease treatment are explored.
    9  Research Progress of Cellular Mechanoperception & Mechanotransmission under Space Microgravity
    TIAN Ran ,  WU Xintong ,  SUN Lianwen
    2024, 39(3):387-392.
    [Abstract](165) [HTML](72) [PDF 984.35 K](25949)
    Abstract:
    On the earth, the majority of cellular functions are regulated by mechanical loads. The effects of cell response to mechanical loads under microgravity on the adaptive changes of physiological functions in space cannot be ignored. The cytoskeleton is widely considered as one of the key structures through which cells sense gravity variation and respond to mechanical loads. In this review, the research progress on the changes and mechanisms of the ‘ cytoskeleton-LINC complex-nuclear lamina’ pathway in cellular mechanoperception and mechanotransmission under microgravity is summarized, and the future research is prospected.
    10  Research Progress of Mechanobiology under Weightless Environment in 2023
    DOU Xiangya ,  ZHANG Yiwen ,  LIU Shuaiting ,  XU Huiyun
    2024, 39(3):377-386.
    [Abstract](238) [HTML](43) [PDF 1.26 M](25858)
    Abstract:
    The research about physiological changes caused by special mechanical environment in aerospace activities have always been important parts of mechanobiology researches. This review summarizes the progress of aerospace mechanobiology researches in 2023, primarily focusing on the biological effects of weightlessness, including results obtained at the cellular, model animal, and human levels under both real space and ground-based simulated weightlessness, so as to assist the development of aerospace mechanobiology, as well as health protection or countermeasures for astronauts and relevant populations on the ground.
    11  Progress in Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Dendritic Cells
    YU Peng ,  ZENG Zhu
    2023, 38(3):451-457. DOI: 10.16156/j.1004-7220.2023.03.004
    [Abstract](989) [HTML](413) [PDF 980.75 K](19833)
    Abstract:
    Dendritic cells (DCs) are now known as the most powerful antigen-presenting cells in vivo, with efficient antigen uptaking, and processing capabilities. They can present antigens to na?ve T cells in secondary lymphoid tissues, thereby induce immune response or tolerance, and play a key role in initiating and amplifying innate and adaptive immunity. DCs experience complex chemical and mechanical microenvironment changes and show different mechanophenotypes and immunophenotypes in the process of exerting their physiological functions. Deeply understanding the chemical and mechanical factors that regulate the mechanophenotypes and immunophenotypes of DCs is a prerequisite for using DCs to treat immune related diseases. In this review, the progress in the biomechanics and mechanobiology research of DCs was mainly introduced, and their potential applications and future development directions in the treatment of immune related diseases were explored.
    12  Finite element analysis on mechanical responses of human torso with body armor to non penetrating ballistic impact
    DONG Ping ,  CHEN Jing ,  ZHANG Qi-kuan ,  KANG Jian-yi ,  LIU Hai ,  ZHANG Liang-chao ,  XU Cheng
    2012, 27(3):270-275. DOI: 10.3871/j.1004-7220.2012.03.275.
    [Abstract](10304) [HTML](0) [PDF 12.44 M](19017)
    Abstract:
    ObjectiveTo develop a finite element computational model of the torso for the numerical simulation of mechanical responses of human torso to non-penetrating ballistic impact. MethodsBased on the CT data of a Chinese adult man, the finite element model of human torso was created by using the medical image processing software Mimics and the finite element pre-processing software HyperMesh. The pressure and acceleration response of the human torso outfitted with soft body armor to the ballistic impact from 9 mm ammunition at a velocity of 360 m/s was calculated numerically by the explicit finite element code LS-DYNA. ResultsThe finite element model of human torso including thoracic skeletal structure, organs, mediastinum and muscle/skin was established. The pressure response of heart, lung, liver and stomach, as well as the acceleration response of sternum were obtained by numerical calculation. It was found that the peak pressure and its time phase were dependent on the distance between the impact point and the measured point wherever in various organs or different position of an organ. Conclusions The finite element computational model of human torso outfitted with soft body armor is available for the simulation of human response to non-penetrating ballistic impact, and the simulated response can be used as evidence for the investigation on mechanism and protection of behind armor blunt frauma.
    13  Research Advances in Dental Biomechanics in 2022
    ZHANG Min ,  ZHANG Songbai ,  WANG Junjun
    2023, 38(5):854-863. DOI: 10.16156/j.1004-7220.2023.05.002
    [Abstract](1973) [HTML](51) [PDF 6.73 M](18940)
    Abstract:
    From biomechanics to mechanobiology, and then to mechanomedicine in the intersection frontiers of mechanics and life and medical science, biomechanics strongly promotes the development of biomedical engineering and plays a pivotal role in disease diagnosis and treatment. Similarly, the study of dental biomechanics can help to break through the research bottleneck and solve the difficult problems in clinical practice. Combined with the latest progress in the field of oral biomechanics in 2022, this review focuses on the development and application of biomechanics in the field of stomatology from two aspects: the main mechanical organs of the oral and maxillarfacial system, and their related mechanomedicine. Special attention is given to mechanobiology effects and subsequent mechanotherapy, with the aim to facilitate transformation and application of the achievements in dental biomechanics.
    14  Influences of cyclic tensile strain on proliferation of preosteoclasts and osteoclasts and tartrate resistant acid phosphatage
    GUO Yong ,  GUO Chun ,  YAN Yu-xian ,  LI Rui-xin ,  LIU Lu ,  HAO Qing-xin ,  ZHANG Xi-zheng ,  SHI Cai-hong
    2012, 27(3):299-304. DOI: 10.3871/j.1004-7220.2012.03.304.
    [Abstract](8710) [HTML](0) [PDF 19.90 M](14727)
    Abstract:
    Objective To investigate the effect of mechanical loading with different magnitudes on the proliferation, differentiation and activity of preosteoclasts and osteoclasts. Methods One group of RAW264.7 preosteoclastic cells cultured in osteoclast inductive medium were subjected to the cyclic tensile strain for three days, and then cultured for four days; the other group of RAW264.7 cells were induced in osteoclast inductive medium for four days to be osteoclasts, then subjected to the cyclic tensile strain for three days. Results Under the tensile strain at different magnitudes, the proliferation variations in two groups of RAW264.7 cells were approximately identical, but changes in the activities of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatage (TRAP) and numbers of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells (osteoclasts) in the two groups were significantly different. Under the moderate tensile strain (2 500 με), the reduction of TRAP activity and osteoclasts number were both the highest in the first group, and both the lowest in the second group. Conclusions The influence of different tensile strain on osteoclast differentiation and osteoclastic activity of preosteoclasts in early differentiation is different to that of the preosteoclasts already differentiated into osteoclasts.
    15  Relationship between mineral density and elastic modulus of human cancellous bone
    WANG Jing ,  LI Yuan-chao ,  WANG Fang ,  WANG Qiu-gen ,  WANG Dong-mei
    2014, 29(5):465-470. DOI: 10.3871/j.1004-7220.2014.05.470.
    [Abstract](6031) [HTML](0) [PDF 866.94 K](10383)
    Abstract:
    Objective To measure the cancellous bone mineral density and axial elastic modulus from multiple anatomic sites, then build the constitutive equation between them, so as to provide specific data for finite element modeling of Chinese people. Methods Ten fresh adult cadavers were taken as sample sources. In every fresh cadaver, 5 different anatomic sites were selected: proximal tibia, greater trochanter, femoral neck, humeral head and lumbar vertebra. The raw samples were processed into standard specimens, which were approximately 6 mm in diameter and 30 mm or 40 mm in length. Both the size and volume for the cancellous bone specimens were measured, and their mineral densities were obtained with computed tomography. The mechanical properties of such specimens were tested with biomechanical testing machine for analyzing the elastic modulus of the cancellous bone at different anatomic sites. The linear and power regression between mineral density and axial elastic modulus were analyzed on SPSS 18.0. Results A total of 169 cancellous bone specimens which were availably tested were collected, including 52 proximal tibia, 31 greater trochanter, 15 femoral neck, 17 humeral head and 54 lumbar vertebrae. The analysis on measurement results showed that the mineral density and axial elastic modulus in cancellous bones from 5 anatomic sites were different, and had a solid linear relationship (0.850>r2>0.785), with 3 sites (proximal tibia, greater trochanter, lumbar vertebra) showing a solid power correlation (0.871>r2>0.825), and the other 2 sites (humeral head and femoral neck) showing relatively weak power correlation (0.671>r2>0.643). Conclusions There are solid linear and power relationship between mineral density and axial elastic modulus, while no significant difference is proved between the r2 values of the two regressions in this research. This discovery can be applied to detect patients’ bone quality in vitro and identify the precise position of bone loss, and further to predict fracture risk with the help of finite element modeling.
    16  Research Progress of Competitive Swimming Sport Biomechanics During Paris Olympic Games Period
    GU Yaodong ,  WANG Shun ,  XU Yining
    2024, 39(4):576-585.
    [Abstract](1621) [HTML](123) [PDF 4.12 M](10016)
    Abstract:
    This review systematically polled the latest advancements in biomechanics research in competitive swimming during the Paris Olympic period together. By analyzing the application of biomechanics in competitive swimming, it reveals the key factors in performance improvement and injury prevention, mainly encompassing technique analysis and optimization, research methods and equipment, performance evaluation and enhancement, and injury prevention and rehabilitation. Research related to biomechanics in competitive swimming for the Paris Olympic period highlights the significant role of biomechanics in optimizing swimming techniques, assessing athletic performance, and preventing injuries. Particularly, the advancement of sophisticated data collection and analysis equipment, such as high-precision sensors, artificial intelligence, and deep learning technologies, has made the analysis of swimming techniques more comprehensive and precise. Future research should further integrate multi-dimensional data technologies, employing high-precision motion capture, fluid mechanics measurement, and intelligent analysis to delve deeper into the pathways for optimizing swimming techniques.
    17  Fatigue Life Analysis of Coronary Stent
    LI Jian-jun ,  LUO Qi-yi ,  XIE Zhi-yong ,  LI Yu
    2010, 25(1):68-73. DOI: 10.3871/j.1004-7220.2010.01.73.
    [Abstract](10801) [HTML](0) [PDF 709.16 K](9721)
    Abstract:
    Abstract Objective After the implantation, coronary stent was expected at least to keep integrity and maintain the predicated function for over 10 years or 4e8 cycles under the pulsatile loading conditions, and the fatigue property of the stent should be evaluated. Method The finite method was used to analyze the stress distribution of different phases and evaluate the fatigue life according to Goodman criteria, meanwhile, the accelerated fatigue experiment was also performed . Results It could be concluded that the dangerous points were located in the lateral inner surface of stent curvature. Conclusion The results proved that the fatigue property could be simulated through the finite element analysis, which can provide the theoretical guidance for the stent design.
    18  Research Progress of Competitive Sports Biomechanics in 2023
    LI Shangxiao ,  YANG Jin ,  HAO Weiya
    2024, 39(4):563-575.
    [Abstract](224) [HTML](42) [PDF 6.93 M](9111)
    Abstract:
    Sports biomechanics is a multidisciplinary applied discipline that studies the mechanics of human movement and plays a crucial role in scientific research and technological support in competitive sports. This paper reviews the research methods in competitive sports biomechanics and focuses on research progress in the year 2023 in three key areas: improving sports performance, preventing sports injuries, and developing sports equipment. The goal is to provide new insights to further advance the application of sports biomechanics in competitive sports.
    19  Biomechanics of lumbar spondylolysis : Finite element modeling and validation
    GU Xiao-min ,  JIA Lian-shun ,  CHEN Xiong-sheng ,  LU Cheng-lin ,  LIU Yang ,  ZHANG Dong-sheng
    2010, 25(1):45-50. DOI: 10.3871/j.1004-7220.2010.1.50.
    [Abstract](10144) [HTML](0) [PDF 749.69 K](8920)
    Abstract:
    Objectives To construct three-dimensional finite element model of lumbar spondylolysis, then to verify its validity by comparison of biomechanics in vitro. Methods According to the radiological data of a patient with lumbar spondylolysis, the bone and intervertebral disc of L4-S1 were reconstructed by Simpleware software. The lumbar attaching ligaments and articular capsule were added into simulating model by Ansys software. Finally, the three-dimensional finite element model of lumbar spondylolysis was simulated successfully, and validated by lumbar spondylolysis biomechanical experiment in vitro. Results The reconstruction of digital model is contained of the bones of lumbar spine which includes of vertebral cortical bone, cancellous bone, facet joint, pedicle, lamina, transverse process and spinous process,as well as annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus,superior and inferior end-plates. Besides, anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments, flavum ligament, supraspinal and interspinal ligaments and articular capsule of facet joint are also attached. The model consisted of 281,261 nodes and 661,150 elements. Imitation of spondylolysis is well done in this model. The validity of the model is verify by comparison of the results of biomechanics in vitro which involved in the trends under loading of stress/strain of L4 inferior facet process, L5 superior and inferior facet process, S1 superior facet process and the trend of stress/strain of lateral and medial L4 inferior facet process. Conclusions Lumbar spondylolysis is reconstructed to three-dimensional model using finite element analysis, and can be further used in the research of biomechanics of lumbar spondylolysis.
    20  Status and progress of tissue engineering research
    ZHANG Xi-zheng
    2010, 25(1):1-3. DOI: 10.3871/j.1004-7220.2010.1.3.
    [Abstract](11410) [HTML](0) [PDF 404.53 K](8702)
    Abstract:
    Tissue engineering is one of the most promising subjects,which has broad application prospects in the fields of regenerative medicine and human health care. According to the papers published in this current issue about scaffold material preparation and mechanical environment affection to cells during the construction process of tissue engineering, this paper describes the current status and progress of tissue engineering research at home and abroad, indicating that tissue engineering research is developing to a deeper and wider field.

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