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    • 1  Mechanosensors in Osteocytes
    LIU Yanwei ,  GONG He ,  WANG Xinyu ,  YANG Qifan ,  LIU Shun ,  ZHU Dong
    2024, 39(2):207-213. DOI: 10.3871/j.1004-7220.2024.02.003
    [Abstract](13) [HTML](0) [PDF 1006.54 K](6)
    Abstract:
    Osteocytes are the most abundant and long-lived cells in bone, serving as primary regulators of bone remodeling. Besides playing critical roles in endocrine regulation and calcium-phosphate metabolism, osteocytes are primary responders to mechanical stimuli, perceiving and responding to these stimuli directly and indirectly. The process of mechanotransduction in osteocytes is a complex and finely tuned regulation involving interactions between the cell and its surrounding environment, neighboring cells, and various mechanosensors within the cells with distinct functions. The known major mechanosensors in osteocytes include primary cilia, piezo ion channels, integrins, extracellular matrix, and connexin-based intercellular junctions. These mechanosensors play crucial roles in osteocytes, perceiving and transducing mechanical signals to regulate bone homeostasis. This review aims to provide a systematic introduction to these five mechanosensors, offering new perspectives and insights into understanding how osteocytes respond to mechanical stimuli and maintain bone tissue homeostasis.
    2  Research Progress of Foot and Ankle Sports Injuries in 2023
    LI Hongyun ,  HUA Yinghui
    2024, 39(2):197-206. DOI: 10.3871/j.1004-7220.2024.02.002
    [Abstract](11) [HTML](0) [PDF 2.47 M](2)
    Abstract:
    Ankle sports medicine is an emerging discipline that has gradually emerged and flourished in recent years, and it mainly focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of ankle ligament, tendon, and cartilage injuries. In this article, the relevant literature on foot and ankle sports injuries published in internationally renowned journals in the year 2023 was searched, and the latest research progress in this field was reviewed, in order to provide new ideas for future research, diagnosis, and treatment.
    3  Research Progress of Spinal Biomechanics in 2023
    WU Aimin ,  GUO Zhenyu ,  WANG Xiangyang
    2024, 39(2):187-196. DOI: 10.3871/j.1004-7220.2024.02.001
    [Abstract](13) [HTML](0) [PDF 5.02 M](9)
    Abstract:
    Spine is one of the most important skeletal structures in human body. It has the function of protecting the spinal cord, supporting body weight, slowing impact and allowing flexible movement of the trunk. The study of spinal biomechanics is very important for a comprehensive understanding of the structure and function of the spine and the pathogenesis of diseases. In 2023, scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of researches on spine related biomechanics, including the cognitive aspects on basic biomechanics of the spine, the changes in mechanical properties of the spine under pathological conditions, and the design of various treatment methods of spinal diseases based on biomechanical researches. This review focuses on the research progress of spinal biomechanics, and introduces several typical spinal diseases or pathological states as examples.
    4  Advances in Vascular Biomechanics and Mechanobiology
    ZHANG Hongping ,  ZHAO Chuanrong ,  WANG Guixu
    2024, 39(1):17-23. DOI: 10.16156/j.1004-7220.2024.01.003
    [Abstract](200) [HTML](0) [PDF 1008.29 K](564)
    Abstract:
    Vascular biomechanics mainly explores how vascular cells perceive mechanical stimuli, how mechanics affects the development of diseases, and the exploitation of various mathematical models to analyze the effects of mechanical factors on diseases. In recent years, researches in the field of vascular biomechanics are developing rapidly, and various research teams have analyzed the mechanical and biological processes of blood vessels from different directions, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of vascular biomechanical factors affecting the progression of various vascular diseases, and provide a theoretical basis based on the mechanobiology for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. This article summarizes and discusses the recent research hotspots and emerging trends in the field of vascular mechanobiology based on domestic and foreign expert teams and combined with our team's research work, thus providing a systematic framework for grasping hotspots and exploring new research directions in the field of vascular mechanobiology.
    5  Research Progress of Vascular Mechanobiology in 2023
    ZOU Minwen ,  HAN Yue
    2024, 39(1):9-16. DOI: 10.16156/j.1004-7220.2024.01.002
    [Abstract](131) [HTML](0) [PDF 7.80 M](1881)
    Abstract:
    The cardiovascular system is a mechanical system with the heart as the center and blood vessels as the network. Mechanical forces play a direct and key role in regulating the physiological state and pathological process of the cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, hypertension and stroke have similar pathological basis, that is, vascular remodeling caused by vascular dysfunction and abnormal damage. Therefore, investigating how mechanical forces produce biological effects that lead to vascular remodeling, and elucidating cardiovascular mechanical signal transduction pathways and mechanical regulation pathways are of great research significance for in-depth understanding of the nature of cardiovascular disease occurrence. In this review, different mechanical forces and key mechanical response molecules were used as clues, and the latest research progress of vascular mechanobiology in 2023 was summarized. These results provide new ideas for further exploring the role of mechanical factors in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, and providing markers and potential targets for early diagnosis of the disease.
    6  Ethical and Welfare Review in the Process of Establishing Animal Models of Disease
    XING Fengying ,  ZHAO Yong
    2024, 39(1):1-8. DOI: 10.16156/j.1004-7220.2024.01.001
    [Abstract](116) [HTML](0) [PDF 976.61 K](592)
    Abstract:
    Animal model is an indispensable part of studying the pathogenesis and treatment of diseases. Review of the ethics and welfare is the necessary measure to ensure the quality of scientific research and promote the scientific and rational use of experimental animals. In the review practice, it is found that most applicants are difficult to accurately understand the items listed in the application form and ethical principles related to items. Therefore, a practical and feasible set of ethical guidelines for animal experiments is necessary. This review focuses on the legal and ethical basis of developing oral disease animal models, and divides the methods of establishing oral disease animal models into physical methods, chemical methods, biological methods, and combined methods, and details the key points of ethical and welfare review and model evaluation methods. Hopefully, ethical censors and project applicants may get more understanding of ethical review for disease animal models, and ultimately improve the standardization and applicability of laboratory animal models.
    7  Progress of Biomechanics in Orthodontics
    JING Dian ,  WANG Ruiqing ,  FANG Bing
    2023, 38(5):864-873. DOI: 10.16156/j.1004-7220.2023.05.003
    [Abstract](1939) [HTML](0) [PDF 1.03 M](1024)
    Abstract:
    Oral biomechanics, an important fundamental discipline within orthodontics, continually evolves and expands upon traditional orthodontic mechanical systems. As advancements in new orthodontic devices and techniques persist, interest within the field progressively focuses on the investigation of biomechanical effects of various orthodontic systems. Furthermore, relentless optimization, innovation, and breakthroughs in oral biomechanics technology offer an essential pathway to simulate and understand the biomechanical impacts within orthodontic treatment more accurately. This review primarily summarized the research development from the recent years across three principal orthodontic treatment systems: fixed orthodontics, invisible orthodontics, and orthopedic treatment, including orthodontic concepts, emergence of new technologies, and implementations of novel biomechanical techniques within these systems.
    8  Research Advances in Dental Biomechanics in 2022
    ZHANG Min ,  ZHANG Songbai ,  WANG Junjun
    2023, 38(5):854-863. DOI: 10.16156/j.1004-7220.2023.05.002
    [Abstract](720) [HTML](0) [PDF 6.73 M](969)
    Abstract:
    From biomechanics to mechanobiology, and then to mechanomedicine in the intersection frontiers of mechanics and life and medical science, biomechanics strongly promotes the development of biomedical engineering and plays a pivotal role in disease diagnosis and treatment. Similarly, the study of dental biomechanics can help to break through the research bottleneck and solve the difficult problems in clinical practice. Combined with the latest progress in the field of oral biomechanics in 2022, this review focuses on the development and application of biomechanics in the field of stomatology from two aspects: the main mechanical organs of the oral and maxillarfacial system, and their related mechanomedicine. Special attention is given to mechanobiology effects and subsequent mechanotherapy, with the aim to facilitate transformation and application of the achievements in dental biomechanics.
    9  Progress in Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Dendritic Cells
    YU Peng ,  ZENG Zhu
    2023, 38(3):451-457. DOI: 10.16156/j.1004-7220.2023.03.004
    [Abstract](466) [HTML](0) [PDF 980.75 K](1564)
    Abstract:
    Dendritic cells (DCs) are now known as the most powerful antigen-presenting cells in vivo, with efficient antigen uptaking, and processing capabilities. They can present antigens to na?ve T cells in secondary lymphoid tissues, thereby induce immune response or tolerance, and play a key role in initiating and amplifying innate and adaptive immunity. DCs experience complex chemical and mechanical microenvironment changes and show different mechanophenotypes and immunophenotypes in the process of exerting their physiological functions. Deeply understanding the chemical and mechanical factors that regulate the mechanophenotypes and immunophenotypes of DCs is a prerequisite for using DCs to treat immune related diseases. In this review, the progress in the biomechanics and mechanobiology research of DCs was mainly introduced, and their potential applications and future development directions in the treatment of immune related diseases were explored.
    10  Mechano-Chemical Coupling in Living Organisms and Possible Road Map of Mechanomedicine
    JI Baohua
    2023, 38(3):433-450. DOI: 10.16156/j.1004-7220.2023.03.003
    [Abstract](389) [HTML](0) [PDF 9.97 M](1631)
    Abstract:
    In view of fundamental challenges to the current life and medical researches, this paper analyzes the mechano-chemical coupling behaviors of living organisms at molecular, sub-cellular, cellular and tissue levels, attempting to explain the quantitative relationships in those mechano-chemical coupling behaviors at different scales. These quantitative relationships show that the structures of living organisms at various scales are closely related to their tensional homeostasis, i. e. , the structural changes will inevitably lead to the changes of tensional homeostasis; Conversely, the changes of the tensional homeostasis will inevitably lead to structural changes. The tensional homeostasis in living organisms stems from contractile force in actin cytoskeleton generated by the action of myosin II at molecular level, and the tensional homeostasis at higher structural levels is realized with the help of hierarchical structures of the living organisms. Therefore, the mechano-chemical coupling mechanisms and their corresponding quantitative relationships inspire scientists to develop a new way of understanding and dealing with diseases, called as mechanomedicine. Finally, the paper discusses possible ways / road maps of mechanomedicine to understand and treat diseases, in order to provide diagnostic and therapeutic ideas for this new medical paradigm.
    11  Progress of Cell Mechanics in 2022
    YANG Yuehua ,  GONG Ze ,  YANG Haoxiang ,  JIANG Hongyuan
    2023, 38(2):212-219. DOI: 10.16156/j.1004-7220.2023.02.002
    [Abstract](2039) [HTML](0) [PDF 7.40 M](1860)
    Abstract:
    The mechanical microenvironment of cells plays a critical role in regulating the physiological function of cells. Cells in vivo are often subjected to a variety of mechanical forces from their mechanical micro-environment, such as shear, tension, and compression. At the same time, cells can adhere to the extracellular matrix (ECM) through adhesion molecules (such as integrin-ligand binding), and further sense the stiffness of the ECM. Cell mechanics mainly studies the properties and behavior of living cells under mechanical forces, and how they relate to cell functions. This review summarized the advances in cell mechanics in 2022, focusing on integrin-ligand interactions and the effects of matrix stiffness and mechanical forces on cell physiological behavior and morphogenesis.
    12  Research Progress on Biomechanics and Mechanobiology ofArticular Cartilage in 2022
    ZHANG Chunqiu ,  GAO Lilan
    2023, 38(1):4-13. DOI: 10.16156/j.1004-7220.2023.01.002
    [Abstract](2038) [HTML](0) [PDF 7.98 M](1765)
    Abstract:
    As a kind of elastic load-bearing connective tissues on bone surface in dynamic joints, articular cartilage can provide low wear lubrication, shock absorption, load transfer and other supporting functions, and has hierarchical fiber composite structures and excellent mechanical properties. As an avascular and aneural tissue,the degenerated articular cartilage lacks the capability of self-healing after damage. The high incidence of arthritisis still a hot spot in basic and clinical researches. Articular cartilage is a mechanical sensitive tissue, and mechanical environment will affect the development of tissues in different directions. Extensive researches onbiomechanics and mechanobiology of articular cartilage were conducted in 2022. Many studies on morphology, function and mechanical state of cartilage,as well as mechanical state of cartilage under different conditions were reported. Some cartilage-related loading devices were designed at animal, tissue and cell levels. Researches onthe repair of cartilage degeneration and injury under mechanical loads were carried out in vitro and in vivo, and some important repair method and means were obtained. The biomechanical and mechanobiology research on articular cartilage is the basis of arthritis, cartilage defect and repair. The influence of quantitative mechanical under 4 conditions on the repair of articular cartilage injury needs further study in vivo and in vitro