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    • 1  Analysis on Mechanical Behaviors and Microscopic Mechanisms of the Breakage of Cell Pseudopodia
    ZHANG Yi ,  YANG Mei ,  FANG Zhou ,  WANG Qianchun ,  LI Dechang ,  JI Baohua
    2024, 39(5):806-813.
    [Abstract](1) [HTML](0) [PDF 8.46 M](9)
    Abstract:
    Objective To elucidate the mechanisms of interface disruption between the actin filament and membrane of the cell pseudopodium that occurs during the breakage of the pseudopodium. Methods Time-lapse images of the behavior of actin filaments and membranes during the rupture process of cell pseudopodia were captured using confocal microscopy. A theoretical model of the fracture of a cylindrical interface was developed to analyze the interface damage between the actin filament and the membrane during the breakage of the cell pseudopodium. Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to simulate the breaking process of the cell pseudopodium for comparison with the theoretical results. A finite element model considering the coupling of the tensile-torsional deformation of actin filaments was developed to simulate the torsional deformation of actin filaments under tension, both in the presence and absence of a membrane. Results The theoretical results indicated an exponential relationship between the critical load for the broken interface and crack length. The critical load increased with the interfacial strength. The effect of the fiber diameter on the critical load depended on the crack length, exhibiting different effects for small and large crack lengths. Finite element analysis suggested that the membrane substantially constrained torsional movement when the actin filament was extended. Conclusions This study revealed the breaking process of cell pseudopodia and the mechanical aspects underlying the disruption of the interface between the actin filament and the membrane. These results provide quantitative theoretical support for exploring cellular behaviors associated with pseudopodium breakage, such as the release of extracellular vesicles.
    2  Advances in T Cell Mechanoimmunology
    WU Songfang ,  LOU Jizhong
    2024, 39(5):796-805.
    [Abstract](1) [HTML](0) [PDF 2.40 M](10)
    Abstract:
    T cells play an essential role in adaptive immunity, and the specific recognition of antigens by T cell receptors (TCRs) is the key in initiating anti-tumor and antiviral immune responses. Recent studies have demonstrated that force plays an important regulatory role in T cell immune responses, laying the foundation for the emerging field of mechanoimmunology. In this review, the mechanisms by which force assists TCRs in distinguishing between specific antigens and non-specific antigens, as well as the critical role force plays in initiating TCR transmembrane signaling and triggering T cell activation are mainly discussed. The novel biophysical single-molecule tools and advanced imaging techniques that can deeply reveal the importance of mechanical forces at the molecular and/or cellular level are summarized. Based on the research results of domestic and foreign expert teams, combined with the research work of our team, this review summarizes and discusses the role of force in T cell function, so as to provide a system framework for deeply understanding the cutting-edge hotspots in the field of mechanoimunology and exploring new research directions.
    3  Research Progress of Cellular Mechanics in 2023
    ZHU Hongyuan ,  WANG Jing ,  MIAO Run ,  LIN Min
    2024, 39(5):787-795.
    [Abstract](0) [HTML](0) [PDF 10.94 M](10)
    Abstract:
    Research in cellular mechanics has rapidly advanced in recent years, uncovering how cells regulate their functions and behaviors by sensing and responding to mechanical cues from their environment. In 2023, significant breakthroughs were made in understanding the mechanical properties of cells, their mechanosensing of solid and fluid environments, and their adaptability under dynamic mechanical conditions. Meanwhile, advanced measurement techniques and mechanical models have provided new tools for investigation. These achievements have deepened the understanding of physiological and pathological processes, offering new approaches for disease diagnosis, prevention, and intervention. This review summarizes the research progress by Chinese scholars in cellular mechanics and explores the mechanical mechanisms exhibited in various biological processes in the year 2023.
    4  Research Progress of Competitive Swimming Sport Biomechanics During Paris Olympic Games Period
    GU Yaodong ,  WANG Shun ,  XU Yining
    2024, 39(4):576-585.
    [Abstract](1510) [HTML](77) [PDF 4.12 M](9390)
    Abstract:
    This review systematically polled the latest advancements in biomechanics research in competitive swimming during the Paris Olympic period together. By analyzing the application of biomechanics in competitive swimming, it reveals the key factors in performance improvement and injury prevention, mainly encompassing technique analysis and optimization, research methods and equipment, performance evaluation and enhancement, and injury prevention and rehabilitation. Research related to biomechanics in competitive swimming for the Paris Olympic period highlights the significant role of biomechanics in optimizing swimming techniques, assessing athletic performance, and preventing injuries. Particularly, the advancement of sophisticated data collection and analysis equipment, such as high-precision sensors, artificial intelligence, and deep learning technologies, has made the analysis of swimming techniques more comprehensive and precise. Future research should further integrate multi-dimensional data technologies, employing high-precision motion capture, fluid mechanics measurement, and intelligent analysis to delve deeper into the pathways for optimizing swimming techniques.
    5  Research Progress of Competitive Sports Biomechanics in 2023
    LI Shangxiao ,  YANG Jin ,  HAO Weiya
    2024, 39(4):563-575.
    [Abstract](180) [HTML](25) [PDF 6.93 M](8510)
    Abstract:
    Sports biomechanics is a multidisciplinary applied discipline that studies the mechanics of human movement and plays a crucial role in scientific research and technological support in competitive sports. This paper reviews the research methods in competitive sports biomechanics and focuses on research progress in the year 2023 in three key areas: improving sports performance, preventing sports injuries, and developing sports equipment. The goal is to provide new insights to further advance the application of sports biomechanics in competitive sports.
    6  Research Progress on Mechanobiology of Mitochondria
    NA Jing ,  ZHENG Lisha ,  FAN Yubo
    2024, 39(3):545-551.
    [Abstract](227) [HTML](78) [PDF 1.88 M](25414)
    Abstract:
    Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles, which not only provide energy and material basis for cells, but also regulate cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis. Cell fate is regulated by mechanical cues from the microenvironment. Recent studies have shown that energy metabolism is regulated by mechanical cues. Mitochondria can act as mechanical sensors and hubs that connect the mechanics and metabolism to regulate cell fate. A deep understanding of the relationship between the mechanical microenvironment and mitochondrial metabolism provides sufficient guidance for promoting tissue regeneration and treating diseases. In this review, the progression in mitochondrial mechanobiology is mainly introduced and its potential applications in tissue regeneration and disease treatment are explored.
    7  Research Progress of Cellular Mechanoperception & Mechanotransmission under Space Microgravity
    TIAN Ran ,  WU Xintong ,  SUN Lianwen
    2024, 39(3):387-392.
    [Abstract](139) [HTML](61) [PDF 984.35 K](25442)
    Abstract:
    On the earth, the majority of cellular functions are regulated by mechanical loads. The effects of cell response to mechanical loads under microgravity on the adaptive changes of physiological functions in space cannot be ignored. The cytoskeleton is widely considered as one of the key structures through which cells sense gravity variation and respond to mechanical loads. In this review, the research progress on the changes and mechanisms of the ‘ cytoskeleton-LINC complex-nuclear lamina’ pathway in cellular mechanoperception and mechanotransmission under microgravity is summarized, and the future research is prospected.
    8  Research Progress of Mechanobiology under Weightless Environment in 2023
    DOU Xiangya ,  ZHANG Yiwen ,  LIU Shuaiting ,  XU Huiyun
    2024, 39(3):377-386.
    [Abstract](210) [HTML](29) [PDF 1.26 M](25303)
    Abstract:
    The research about physiological changes caused by special mechanical environment in aerospace activities have always been important parts of mechanobiology researches. This review summarizes the progress of aerospace mechanobiology researches in 2023, primarily focusing on the biological effects of weightlessness, including results obtained at the cellular, model animal, and human levels under both real space and ground-based simulated weightlessness, so as to assist the development of aerospace mechanobiology, as well as health protection or countermeasures for astronauts and relevant populations on the ground.
    9  Mechanosensors in Osteocytes
    LIU Yanwei ,  GONG He ,  WANG Xinyu ,  YANG Qifan ,  LIU Shun ,  ZHU Dong
    2024, 39(2):207-213. DOI: 10.3871/j.1004-7220.2024.02.003
    [Abstract](409) [HTML](189) [PDF 1007.83 K](26061)
    Abstract:
    Osteocytes are the most abundant and long-lived cells in bone, serving as primary regulators of bone remodeling. Besides playing critical roles in endocrine regulation and calcium-phosphate metabolism, osteocytes are primary responders to mechanical stimuli, perceiving and responding to these stimuli directly and indirectly. The process of mechanotransduction in osteocytes is a complex and finely tuned regulation involving interactions between the cell and its surrounding environment, neighboring cells, and various mechanosensors within the cells with distinct functions. The known major mechanosensors in osteocytes include primary cilia, piezo ion channels, integrins, extracellular matrix, and connexin-based intercellular junctions. These mechanosensors play crucial roles in osteocytes, perceiving and transducing mechanical signals to regulate bone homeostasis. This review aims to provide a systematic introduction to these five mechanosensors, offering new perspectives and insights into understanding how osteocytes respond to mechanical stimuli and maintain bone tissue homeostasis.
    10  Research Progress of Foot and Ankle Sports Injuries in 2023
    LI Hongyun ,  HUA Yinghui
    2024, 39(2):197-206. DOI: 10.3871/j.1004-7220.2024.02.002
    [Abstract](272) [HTML](199) [PDF 2.47 M](26337)
    Abstract:
    Ankle sports medicine is an emerging discipline that has gradually emerged and flourished in recent years, and it mainly focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of ankle ligament, tendon, and cartilage injuries. In this article, the relevant literature on foot and ankle sports injuries published in internationally renowned journals in the year 2023 was searched, and the latest research progress in this field was reviewed, in order to provide new ideas for future research, diagnosis, and treatment.
    11  Research Progress of Spinal Biomechanics in 2023
    WU Aimin ,  GUO Zhenyu ,  WANG Xiangyang
    2024, 39(2):187-196. DOI: 10.3871/j.1004-7220.2024.02.001
    [Abstract](361) [HTML](173) [PDF 5.02 M](26612)
    Abstract:
    Spine is one of the most important skeletal structures in human body. It has the function of protecting the spinal cord, supporting body weight, slowing impact and allowing flexible movement of the trunk. The study of spinal biomechanics is very important for a comprehensive understanding of the structure and function of the spine and the pathogenesis of diseases. In 2023, scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of researches on spine related biomechanics, including the cognitive aspects on basic biomechanics of the spine, the changes in mechanical properties of the spine under pathological conditions, and the design of various treatment methods of spinal diseases based on biomechanical researches. This review focuses on the research progress of spinal biomechanics, and introduces several typical spinal diseases or pathological states as examples.
    12  Advances in Vascular Biomechanics and Mechanobiology
    ZHANG Hongping ,  ZHAO Chuanrong ,  WANG Guixu
    2024, 39(1):17-23. DOI: 10.16156/j.1004-7220.2024.01.003
    [Abstract](505) [HTML](260) [PDF 1008.29 K](26517)
    Abstract:
    Vascular biomechanics mainly explores how vascular cells perceive mechanical stimuli, how mechanics affects the development of diseases, and the exploitation of various mathematical models to analyze the effects of mechanical factors on diseases. In recent years, researches in the field of vascular biomechanics are developing rapidly, and various research teams have analyzed the mechanical and biological processes of blood vessels from different directions, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of vascular biomechanical factors affecting the progression of various vascular diseases, and provide a theoretical basis based on the mechanobiology for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. This article summarizes and discusses the recent research hotspots and emerging trends in the field of vascular mechanobiology based on domestic and foreign expert teams and combined with our team's research work, thus providing a systematic framework for grasping hotspots and exploring new research directions in the field of vascular mechanobiology.
    13  Research Progress of Vascular Mechanobiology in 2023
    ZOU Minwen ,  HAN Yue
    2024, 39(1):9-16. DOI: 10.16156/j.1004-7220.2024.01.002
    [Abstract](369) [HTML](261) [PDF 7.80 M](28382)
    Abstract:
    The cardiovascular system is a mechanical system with the heart as the center and blood vessels as the network. Mechanical forces play a direct and key role in regulating the physiological state and pathological process of the cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, hypertension and stroke have similar pathological basis, that is, vascular remodeling caused by vascular dysfunction and abnormal damage. Therefore, investigating how mechanical forces produce biological effects that lead to vascular remodeling, and elucidating cardiovascular mechanical signal transduction pathways and mechanical regulation pathways are of great research significance for in-depth understanding of the nature of cardiovascular disease occurrence. In this review, different mechanical forces and key mechanical response molecules were used as clues, and the latest research progress of vascular mechanobiology in 2023 was summarized. These results provide new ideas for further exploring the role of mechanical factors in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, and providing markers and potential targets for early diagnosis of the disease.
    14  Progress of Biomechanics in Orthodontics
    JING Dian ,  WANG Ruiqing ,  FANG Bing
    2023, 38(5):864-873. DOI: 10.16156/j.1004-7220.2023.05.003
    [Abstract](3235) [HTML](50) [PDF 1.03 M](27608)
    Abstract:
    Oral biomechanics, an important fundamental discipline within orthodontics, continually evolves and expands upon traditional orthodontic mechanical systems. As advancements in new orthodontic devices and techniques persist, interest within the field progressively focuses on the investigation of biomechanical effects of various orthodontic systems. Furthermore, relentless optimization, innovation, and breakthroughs in oral biomechanics technology offer an essential pathway to simulate and understand the biomechanical impacts within orthodontic treatment more accurately. This review primarily summarized the research development from the recent years across three principal orthodontic treatment systems: fixed orthodontics, invisible orthodontics, and orthopedic treatment, including orthodontic concepts, emergence of new technologies, and implementations of novel biomechanical techniques within these systems.
    15  Research Advances in Dental Biomechanics in 2022
    ZHANG Min ,  ZHANG Songbai ,  WANG Junjun
    2023, 38(5):854-863. DOI: 10.16156/j.1004-7220.2023.05.002
    [Abstract](1963) [HTML](41) [PDF 6.73 M](18747)
    Abstract:
    From biomechanics to mechanobiology, and then to mechanomedicine in the intersection frontiers of mechanics and life and medical science, biomechanics strongly promotes the development of biomedical engineering and plays a pivotal role in disease diagnosis and treatment. Similarly, the study of dental biomechanics can help to break through the research bottleneck and solve the difficult problems in clinical practice. Combined with the latest progress in the field of oral biomechanics in 2022, this review focuses on the development and application of biomechanics in the field of stomatology from two aspects: the main mechanical organs of the oral and maxillarfacial system, and their related mechanomedicine. Special attention is given to mechanobiology effects and subsequent mechanotherapy, with the aim to facilitate transformation and application of the achievements in dental biomechanics.