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    • Research progress about the mechanoreceptors in chondrocytes
    杨梓桐 , 房兵
    Adopted date: March 31,2025
    [Abstract](14) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    Cartilage plays a multitude of crucial roles in the human body, yet due to the peculiarities of its tissue structure, it possesses a weak capacity for self-repair. Mechanical signals can act upon chondrocytes to regulate the homeostasis of cartilage tissue and the onset and progression of diseases. Mechanical loading can both promote the growth and development of chondrocytes to maintain joint stability, and potentially damage chondrocytes and impairing joint health. Currently, the majority of scholars concur on the significant role of mechanical signals on chondrocytes; however, the receptors by which chondrocytes perceive mechanical loads and their mechanisms remain unclear. This article reviews the impact of physiological and abnormal mechanical stimuli on the metabolism and vital activities of chondrocytes through mechanoreceptors on chondrocytes.
    Study on the Protective Efficacy of Helmet Masks against Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury
    羊 玢
    Adopted date: March 31,2025
    [Abstract](12) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    Objective To more effectively mitigate the damage caused by shock waves to the head and enhance the performance of protective equipment, this study focuses on optimizing the structural configuration of helmet masks to reduce the energy transmitted from shock waves to the head, thereby minimizing the risk of head injury. Methods This study designed a helmet mask structure composed of polycarbonate and aerogel laminated composite materials. The coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) method in Abaqus was used to verify the validity of the helmet-head coupling model, and numerical simulations were performed to study the mechanical responses of different helmet mask protective structures under shock wave action. The effects of the type and thickness of the protective structure on head injury were analyzed. Results The study found that helmets equipped with masks can effectively delay the propagation of shock waves to the face and significantly reduce cranial stress and intracranial pressure (ICP) in the frontal and parietal lobes. In the prevention of moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), the 3-layer configuration (0.6mm aerogel) and the 5-layer configuration (double 0.6mm aerogel) masks can effectively reduce parietal lobe ICP by 29% and 35%, respectively. The 3-layer configuration (1.2mm aerogel) mask performs optimal performance in reducing vertex skull stress, achieving a 50% reduction, while the 5-layer configuration (double 0.6mm aerogel) mask exhibits superior effectiveness in diminishing frontal skull stress, with a 17% reduction. Conclusions The helmet mask structure composed of polycarbonate and aerogel laminate composites can effectively reduce the damage to the head caused by explosion shock waves, especially in the prevention of moderate and severe traumatic brain injury. The 3- and 5-layer configurations provide better protection. These results provide important theoretical evidence for the optimization of future protective equipment.
    Estimating Running Ground Reaction Forces Curves Using a Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network and Markerless Motion Capture System
    Junchen ZHAO , Hanjun Li , Huijuan SHI , Hui Liu
    Adopted date: March 31,2025
    [Abstract](8) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    Objective To determine the validity of ground reaction forces (GRF) during running estimated from 3D lower body landmark coordinates obtained via a markerless system using the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network model. Methods 59 recreational runners were recruited. The video and GRF during running were collected by the motion capture system and force plates (FP). The 3D coordinates of 11 lower body landmarks, obtained via the markerless system, were used as inputs in LSTM model to estimate 3D GRF. The estimation performance was evaluated using correlation coefficients r, root mean square error (RMSE) and normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) by comparing LSTM model estimation and FP measurement. Statistical Parametric Mapping was used to analyze differences in GRF curves between the LSTM model and FP, while paired t-tests assessed differences in GRF characteristics. Results A strong correlation (r>0.85,P<0.001) and lower error (RMSE<0.3 Body Weight,nRMSE＜15%) was found between the LSTM model estimation and FP measurements. No significant difference area was found in GRF curves between LSTM model estimation and FP measurements. About the GRF characteristics, there was no significant difference between LSTM model estimation and FP measurements(P＞0.372). Conclusion With the 3D coordinates of lower body landmarks based on markerless system as inputs,the 3D GRF curves could be accurately estimated by LSTM model. The LSTM model developed in this study can be used to monitor running injury risks in outdoor environments.
    Analysis of Postural Control and Muscle Coordination Characteristics During Sit-to-Stand in Individuals with a History of Ankle Sprain
    liu xuan , li chen , ni xin di , gao di
    Adopted date: March 27,2025
    [Abstract](5) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    Objective: To investigate the postural control patterns and muscle coordination patterns during sit-to-stand (STS) in individuals with a history of ankle sprain (HAS), providing a theoretical basis for optimizing rehabilitation interventions. Methods: Twelve participants with a history of ankle sprain were recruited and matched with twelve healthy controls. STS movements were captured using an infrared motion capture system and the Delyse surface electromyography (EMG) system. The Center of Pressure (COP) and Center of Mass (COM) metrics were calculated using Visual 3D and Matlab software. Muscle coordination patterns were computed using the Gaussian non-negative matrix factorization algorithm in Rv4.4.2. Results: During the pre-seat-off phase, the ankle sprain group exhibited lower sample entropy in the anterior-posterior direction of COP and lower frequency and sample entropy in the mediolateral direction compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the sample entropy and frequency of COM in the anterior-posterior direction were significantly lower in the ankle sprain group than in the control group (P < 0.05). During the post-seat-off phase, the ankle sprain group demonstrated lower mediolateral COM momentum and lower anterior-posterior sample entropy than the control group (P < 0.05). Regarding muscle synergy, both groups exhibited four synergy modules, with the half-width of synergy module 3 being significantly higher in the ankle sprain group than in the control group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Compared to healthy individuals, individuals with a history of ankle sprain exhibit distinct postural control strategies and muscle synergy patterns during the sit-to-stand (STS) task. Specifically, they compensate for insufficient ankle synergy by enhancing proximal lower limb muscle coordination, thereby demonstrating a more stable mediolateral postural control strategy. However, long-term reliance on proximal compensation may lead to deterioration of the kinetic chain function and increase the risk of chronic ankle instability.
    Effect of multi-target transcranial direct current stimulation on performance of dual-task postural control in healthy olders
    zhengsuwang , fengxiaofan , wangbowen , zhangyufeng , lüjiaojiao
    Adopted date: March 27,2025
    [Abstract](12) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    Objective: A decline in dual-task postural control abilities increases the risk of falls, and older adults require more attention resources when performing dual-task postural control. This study, based on the dorsal attention network (DAN) and the default network (DN), explores whether multi-focus transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can enhance dual-task postural control in healthy older adults. Methods: This study followed a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. A total of 30 healthy older adults were recruited, with 22 completing the experiment. Participants were randomly assigned to either tDCS or sham stimulation, with at least one week between the two interventions. The tDCS protocol aimed to increase the excitability of the DAN and inhibit the excitability of the DN, with a stimulation duration of 20 minutes (DAN+/DN-tDCS). The sham stimulation lasted only 1 minute (with 30 seconds at both the start and end). Before and after each intervention, Center of Pressure (COP) data were collected using the Kistler force table while subjects performed a single-dual task postural control test with eyes open and closed. The effects of the intervention protocols on various indicators of postural control were analyzed using a two-factor repeated-measures ANOVA (stimulus protocol × pre/post-intervention). Results: Participants completed the experiment without any notable adverse effects. In the eyes-open dual-task condition, significant interactions were found in both the total swing velocity (F = 5.72, p = 0.021) and the anterior-posterior swing velocity (F = 5.085, p = 0.029). Further analysis indicated that following the DAN+/DN-tDCS intervention, both the anterior-posterior swing velocity (p = 0.019) and the total swing velocity (p = 0.01) decreased. A significant interaction was also observed in the swing area dual-task cost under the eyes-open condition (F = 8.727, p = 0.005), with subsequent analysis showing a reduction in the swing area dual-task cost after the DAN+/DN-tDCS intervention (p = 0.038), while the sham stimulation resulted in an increase in swing area dual-task cost (p = 0.049). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the DAN+/DN-tDCS intervention can significantly improve postural control performance in healthy older adults under dual-task conditions (reducing swing velocity, area, and dual-task cost), indicating that this approach has potential to improve postural control stability in older adults when performing dual tasks.
    Anatomical morphological differences of female pelvic floor system affect the biomechanical mechanism of organ prolapse
    Lixiang , Liling , Gaozhenhua , Shenjihong , Yaotingqiang
    Adopted date: March 27,2025
    [Abstract](7) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    Objective To study how the anatomical morphological difference of pelvic floor system affects pelvic floor organ prolapse and explain the mechanism of pelvic floor organ prolapse. Methods A two-dimensional sagittal biomechanical finite element model of pelvic floor was developed based on MR Images of normal physiological pelvic floor and prolapsed pelvic floor. The relationship between the overall shape and position characteristics of pelvic floor and pelvic floor organ prolapse was compared under the action of abdominal pressure. Results Compared with the physiological pelvic floor, the maximum displacement increases percentage of cervix and anterior vaginal wall and genital hiatus are 152.7%, 695.2% and 476%, and the maximum displacement increase percentage of pathological pelvic floor is 513.5%, 1833.3% and 1572%, respectively. Cystocele, prolapse of anterior vaginal wall and uterus occurred in both cases, but no prolapse of pelvic floor organs occurred in physiological pelvic floor. Conclusions Changes in the initial morphologic characteristics of the pelvic floor organs will lead to alterations in the pelvic floor's supportive function and stress areas, ultimately making it more susceptible to organ prolapse under abdominal pressure. Furthermore, the change in the initial morphologic characteristics makes the pathological pelvic floor lack the corresponding support function, which is more likely to make the pelvic organs and tissues under the influence of other factors to undergo a greater change in the morphologic characteristics and may lead to other organs and tissues in the pelvic cavity fascial injury, thereby leading to a more serious prolapse phenomenon.
    Experimental Study on the Layered Structure of Articular Cartilage Regarding Reverse Mechano-Electric Characteristics
    Zhengbiao Yang , Meng Zhang , Jing Chen , Pengcui Li , Yanqin Wang , Yanru Xue , Xiaochun Wei , Weiyi Chen
    Adopted date: March 25,2025
    [Abstract](6) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    Objective The fundamental structure of articular cartilage comprises three layers: the upper layer (UL, approximately 20%), the middle layer (ML, approximately 50%), and the lower layer (LL, approximately 30%). Owing to their distinct compositions and structures, the mechano-electric characteristics of these layers differ, this study delves into the analysis of the inverse mechano-electric effect of the layered structure of articular cartilage and its influencing factors. Method The cartilage samples are classified according to their physiological thickness (approximately 0.4 mm for the upper layer, 1 mm for the middle layer, and 0.6 mm for the lower layer). Through a non-contact external electric field testing method, this study aims to analyze how different influencing factors affect the inverse mechano-electric effect of articular cartilage. Results In conditions where the electric field spacing decreases, water content increases, and in vitro time decreases, normal layered cartilage demonstrates an increasing trend by about 18 μm、10 μm、15 μm in displacement generated in a non-contact electric field. In simulated arthritis defect scenarios, as the defect depth and radius increase, the overall deviation deflection of the articular cartilage gradually decreases by about 7μm. Conclusion The three layers of cartilage differed in their inverse mechano-electricity effect, showing the greatest deflection mid-layer at 90% water content, 7 mm electric field spacing, and after 12 h of ex vivo.
    Research Progress of the Effects of Osmotic Pressure on Ocular Cells
    YAO Feifei , JI Jing , FAN Yubo
    Adopted date: March 25,2025
    [Abstract](7) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    Osmotic pressure is a critical internal environmental factor that maintains cellular homeostasis. Alterations in osmotic pressure can disrupt the equilibrium of water and solutes within cells, thereby impacting their core functions. In the visual organ, the stability of the osmotic pressure within the internal environment, specifically in substances like tear fluid and aqueous humor, holds paramount significance for sustaining the morphology and functionality of corneal epithelial cells, trabecular meshwork cells, among others. Recent research findings have indicated that osmotic pressure serves as a crucial regulator in modulating the activity levels, inflammatory responses, and barrier functions of ocular cells. A comprehensive investigation into the effects of osmotic pressure on ocular cells is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of ocular diseases and exploring novel therapeutic strategies. This review provides an overview of the ocular osmotic pressure environment, its effects on ocular cells,
    Prediction of Blood Flow Field in Artery Stenosis Based on Hard Boundary-Constrained Physics-Informed Neural Network
    Wang Jingyuan , Ji Mengqiang , Zhang Chen
    Adopted date: March 25,2025
    [Abstract](4) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    Objective Accurate prediction of hemodynamic parameters in stenotic blood vessels holds critical clinical significance for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. To address the limitations of conventional Physics-Informed Neural Networks in handling hemodynamic boundary constraints, this study proposes an improved hard boundary-constrained physics-informed neural network (HBC-PINN) framework to achieve precise prediction of blood flow fields within stenotic arteries, providing new perspectives for the development of efficient and reliable biomedical fluid numerical calculation methods. Methods An idealized stenosed vessel geometry model was established and CFD simulation was performed to obtain a validation dataset. Appropriate boundary dependent trial functions were designed according to the hard constraint method to embed the flow boundary conditions into the network output. Thus, an HBC-PINN model with the hard boundary constraint method was constructed to predict the velocity field and pressure field of stenosed blood flow. Meanwhile, an original PINN model with the soft constraint method was also built for comparison. By evaluating the accuracy of the two models on the validation dataset, we verified the capability of the HBC-PINN model to simulate hemodynamics without using any labeled data for training. Results The effectiveness of the HBC-PINN method in predicting hemodynamic parameters in stenosed blood flow tasks has been validated. The relative L2 errors of the flow velocity and pressure predicted by the HBC-PINN in two different stenosis scenarios were both lower than 0.5%, representing an improvement of over 48.8% in accuracy compared to the original PINN model. Additionally, the prediction accuracy of the transverse velocity also increased by more than 35.4%. Conclusions Implementing hard constraints on boundary conditions in the PINN modeling process can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of hemodynamic parameters and the efficiency of model solving.
    Dynamic Stability and Lower Limb Stiffness Characteristics in Females with Dynamic Knee Valgus During Running Stance Phase
    Xing Zeyu , Wu Mengyi , Wang Chong , An Pengda , Liang Xinwang , Feng Liang
    Adopted date: March 24,2025
    [Abstract](11) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    Abstract Objective: To investigate the dynamic stability and stiffness characteristics of females with dynamic knee valgus during the landing phase of running, and to reveal the relationship between dynamic stability and joint stiffness, providing theoretical and practical references for injury prevention and rehabilitation in females with dynamic knee valgus. Methods: Participants were divided into two groups based on knee valgus angle: a dynamic knee valgus group (over 13°) and a normal group (0°~13°), each consisting of 16 individuals.The three-dimensional motion capture system, three-dimensional force platform, and wireless surface electromyography system were used to measure kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic data during running. The margin of stability (MoS), joint stiffness, and electromyographic indicators were calculated, and difference tests and correlation analyses were conducted.Results: Compared to normal females, females with dynamic knee valgus exhibited greater peak knee joint moments in the sagittal plane (p=0.046) and greater changes in knee joint angles in the frontal plane (p<0.01). Females with dynamic knee valgus showed smaller MoSml (p=0.010), knee joint stiffnessml (p=0.042), and ankle joint stiffnessml (p=0.035). Prior to landing, the pre-activation levels of the gluteus medius (p=0.020) and vastus lateralis (p=0.021) were lower in females with dynamic knee valgus compared to normal females, while the pre-activation level of the lateral gastrocnemius (p<0.01) was higher. After landing, the co-activation ratio of the muscles around the hip joint (p=0.004) was higher in females with dynamic knee valgus compared to normal females. In normal females, there was a high negative correlation between MoSml and hip joint stiffnessml (r=-0.634, p=0.048). In females with dynamic knee valgus, there were high negative correlations between MoSml and hip joint stiffnessml (r=-0.600, p=0.042) and between MoSml and ankle joint stiffnessap (r=-0.673, p=0.024).Conclusion: During running, females with dynamic knee valgus exhibit characteristics of dynamic instability in the frontal plane and insufficient knee and ankle joint stiffness. The low pre-activation level of the gluteus medius and high activation level of the lateral gastrocnemius prior to landing reflect a distal compensation strategy due to insufficient proximal control. In females with dynamic knee valgus, there is a high negative correlation between dynamic stability and joint stiffness during running; the lower the dynamic stability in the frontal plane, the greater the ankle joint stiffness in the sagittal plane and the hip joint stiffness in the frontal plane.