Objective To investigate the mechanical characteristics and voltage output changes of microcatheter sensors during cyclic blood flow, and explore the feasibility of microcatheter sensors which can monitor pressure information and stenosis lesion information. Methods A two-way fluid-solid coupling model was constructed to perform finite element numerical simulation of the interaction between the microcatheter sensor and blood, the mechanical characteristics of the sensor in the longitudinal and circumferential directions in each key frame was analyzed, and the differences in mechanical characteristics of the sensor in healthy and stenotic vessels were compared; a PVDF force-electricity simulation model was constructed, and mechanical signals on the sensor were imported to analyze the sensor’s voltage output in two scenarios. Results The longitudinal and circumferential outputs of the sensors in healthy vessels were relatively even in magnitude, with a ratio close to 1. In vessels with stenotic lesions, the longitudinal outputs of the sensors yielded significant differences, with ratios ranging from 0.3 to 0.6, and abnormal distributions in circumferential stenotic regions, with the ratio of the stenosis-direction component to the average value much larger than 1. Force-electric simulation further revealed that the sensors could convert mechanical signals into electrical signals and output them. The force-electric simulation further revealed that the sensor could convert the mechanical signal into an electrical signal and output it, and its output value ranged from 8.01 mV to 225.2 mV. Conclusions There was a significant difference in mechanical characteristics of the sensor between healthy vessels and vessels with stenotic lesions, the location and direction of stenotic lesions could be obtained by analyzing the output of the sensors, while the PVDF sensor could convert these mechanical characteristics into electrical signals which were easier to be processed. This study provides a theoretical reference for the development and application of the novel microcatheter sensors.