Chronic non-specific lower back pain (CNLBP) is one of the most common symptoms in clinical lower back pain, which is prone to recurrence and shows a trend towards younger age. Patients with CNLBP typically experience local pain, reduced joint mobility, and impaired balance function. Through in-depth analysis of the relevant factors that cause balance function impairment in patients and disease intervention methods, the biological (biomechanical) mechanisms underlying balance function impairment in patients can be revealed, providing reference and basis for developing effective intervention methods. This article reviews the research status of the impact of CNLBP on patients" balance function and disease intervention methods from several aspects, including the influence of CNLBP on balance ability, damage to the motor and nervous system, and intervention methods for the disease. The aim is to provide reference for the subsequent research on the pathogenesis and intervention methods of CNLBP.