This review systematically polled the latest advancements in biomechanics research in competitive swimming during the Paris Olympic period together. By analyzing the application of biomechanics in competitive swimming, it reveals the key factors in performance improvement and injury prevention, mainly encompassing technique analysis and optimization, research methods and equipment, performance evaluation and enhancement, and injury prevention and rehabilitation. Research related to biomechanics in competitive swimming for the Paris Olympic period highlights the significant role of biomechanics in optimizing swimming techniques, assessing athletic performance, and preventing injuries. Particularly, the advancement of sophisticated data collection and analysis equipment, such as high-precision sensors, artificial intelligence, and deep learning technologies, has made the analysis of swimming techniques more comprehensive and precise. Future research should further integrate multi-dimensional data technologies, employing high-precision motion capture, fluid mechanics measurement, and intelligent analysis to delve deeper into the pathways for optimizing swimming techniques.