Objective To conduct a multidisciplinary holistic intervention considering physical, behavioral, and psychological aspects to explain the internal mechanism of non-specific low back pain (NSLBP). Methods Surface electromyography (sEMG) signals, three-dimensional (3D) gait analysis system signals, and psychological scale conclusions related to the ‘crouching tiger’ treatment of NSLBP by Yijinjing were collected. The collected data were analyzed and modeled using the structural equation method. A multifidus muscle-motor function-quality of life (QOL) model was developed to elucidate the mechanism of action of NSLBP treatment using Yijinjing ‘crouching tiger’ training. Results The sEMG signals from the L5-S1 multifidus muscles of patients with NSLBP were significantly increased after treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, the patients’ step length, step frequency, step speed, maximum hip flexion angle, and maximum knee flexion angle significantly increased (P<0.05). The support, swing, and maximum ankle dorsiflexion angles significantly decreased (P<0.05). The SF-36 physiological, psychological, spiritual, and emotional scores of the patients before and after the ‘crouching tiger’ training were statistically significant (P<0.05). Structural equation model (SEM) showed that average electromyography (AEMG) and step size significantly impacted the Roland Morris and SF-36 scores at a level of 0.001. AEMG and step size had a positive impact on Roland-Morris and SF-36 scores. The standardized load coefficients were greater than 0.6, and the model fit was good. Conclusions The SEM model has good fitting effects and reliable results and can effectively describe the mechanism of NSLBP treatment by Yijinjing ‘crouching tiger’ training at multiple levels.