Objective To analyze the differences in initial stability between the Voronoi polygon porous structure acetabular cup and the solid acetabular cup, and explore the impact of the Voronoi polygonal structure porous layer on the initial stability of the acetabular cup, as well as its role in preventing loosening and dislocation. Methods Voronoi polyhedron porous scaffold structures with porosity of 60% and 70% were designed using Grasshopper. Utilize selective laser melting (SLM) technology to manufacture three samples each of solid acetabular cups and porous acetabular cups with porosity of 60% and 70%. Conduct lever-out tests on the acetabular cups using polyurethane block models under identical conditions, analyze and compare the resulting maximum lever-out torque, angular displacement, and interface stiffness. Results For porous acetabular cups with porosity of 60% and 70%, and with no significant difference in applied insertion force, the maximum lever-out torque is 278.82% and 320.56% higher, respectively, compared to solid acetabular cups. The angular displacement is also higher, with increases of 194.04% and 269.23%, while the interface stiffness is elevated by 18.58% and 7.88% compared to solid acetabular cups. Significant wear was observed within the polyurethane block hemisphere cavity after completing the lever-out tests using the porous acetabular cups. Conclusion The initial stability indicators of the Voronoi polyhedron porous structure acetabular cup are higher than those of the solid acetabular cup, indicating that the Voronoi polygonal structure porous layer can enhance the initial stability of the acetabular cup. The research results can provide some reference for the design and selection of acetabular components.