Objective To analyze the stress distribution and deformation of vaginas, broad ligament (BL), round ligament (RL) under different uterine loads (abdominal pressure and uterine weight) after radical trachelectomy (RT) by finite element method, and obtain the sensitivity of BL, RL and vaginas to changes in uterine loads. Methods The three-dimensional ( 3D) geometric models of the posterior uterus, BL, RL and vagina were established and imported into ABAQUS software. After the constraints were set and the loads were applied, the stress and deformation of each part were calculated. Results The stress and displacement of BL and RL increased in different degrees after the RT operation. The stress and deformation of BL, RL and vagina increased with the increase of uterine load. The deformation and stress of BL were mainly distributed in the middle and lower part (with abdominal pressure changing) or the middle and upper part (with uterine weight changing). The stress and deformation of RL were mainly distributed in the middle and lower part, and the stress and deformation of vagina were mainly distributed in the middle and upper part. When abdominal pressure and uterine weight changed alone or together, the vaginal stress and its sensitivity to load changes were the greatest, and the displacement of BL and its sensitivity to load change were the greatest. The order of the total stress and deformation was slightly different due to different load conditions, and the influence of uterine weight on ligaments and vagina was more significant than that of abdominal pressure. Conclusions The results are consistent with clinical data, and can provide guidance for clinical surgical plan optimization and pathogenesis exploration.