Microgravity is a typical feature of the space. A large number of space flights and foundation simulation experiments have shown that cells show typical biological characteristics of aging, such as reduced cell proliferation and cell cycle arrest under microgravity or simulated microgravity. However, the molecular mechanism by which microgravity or simulated microgravity affects cellular senescence is not well understood. Understanding the mechanism controlling cellular senescence induced by microgravity environment is helpful for exploring anti-aging strategies and targeted interventions in space. In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a number of researches and explorations on the effect of microgravity and simulated microgravity on cellular senescence as well as the related mechanisms. In this review, the latest research progress of this filed was summarized.