Objective To analyze the influence of total hip arthroplasty (THA) on the process of proximal femoral bone remodeling by using the Wolff bone remodeling theory. Methods According to control equation of bone remodeling, the program of bone remodeling was written in Python language. Preoperative femur model and postoperative femur and prosthesis finite element models were established respectively in ABAQUS software. The process of bone reconstruction before and after THA operation was compared to analyze the effect of prosthesis implantation on mechanical properties of the femur in the middle and long term after THA operation. Results The stress in proximal femur continued to decrease after prosthesis implantation, and the stress site was transferred from the femoral head to the prosthesis, resulting in an obvious stress shielding phenomenon. Bone loss in the stress shielding area was serious. The femoral shaft cortical bone became thinner and the stress shielding was relieved. The medial side at the bottom of the prosthesis was compressed, and the stress was significantly higher than that of the lateral side, where the bone was unevenly distributed. Conclusions After THA operation, obvious stress shielding occured at proximal medial side of the femur, leading to bone loss and prosthesis loosening. The difference in stress levels on both sides at the bottom of the prosthesis resulted in an uneven bone distribution, causing the discordance between the prosthesis and the femur, as well as postoperative pain in the middle part of the thigh.