Objective Ankle injury is one of common lower extremity injuries in sports, and lateral ankle injuries occupy a highest proportion. ankle brace is regarded as an effective prevention method. However, there is no consensus on the influence of different ankle brace. Further, its effect on the different people groups was not well understood. The study aimed to examine the effects of ankle brace on the lower extremity biomechanics during landing. The results could provide comprehensive understanding of ankle brace’s preventing mechanism. Methods For this systematic review and meta-analysis, different electronic databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, EBSCO, PubMed and other databases) were searched to identify studies investigating the effect of ankle braces on lower limb biomechanics among athletes and collegiate students. After identification of relevant articles, Cochrane was used to evaluate the quality of eligible studies. For the meta-analyses, subgroup analysis was used to access the impact of ankle braces on the ankle biomechanics, which aimed to reduce the statistical heterogeneity. Results The criteria were met by 13 studies with a total of 222 participants. The results showed that semi-rigid ankle brace reduced the peak of ankle inversion by 25.8% compared to elastic ankle brace (SMD -0.562, P＜0.001). Moreover, the elastic ankle brace reduced ankle plant flexion during landing among athletes (SMD=-3.42, P=-0.021). As for collage students, both elastic ankle and semi-rigid ankle decreased the ankle inversion (elastic ankle brace: 35.4%, SMD=-1.000, P=-0.013; semi-rigid ankle brace: 31.11%, SMD=-0.881, P＜0.001) and ankle plant flexion (elastic ankle brace：23.30%,SMD=-1.381,P＜0.001；semi-rigid ankle brace：36.33%,SMD=-1.605,P＜0.001). Conclusion and suggestions (1) Elastic ankle brace had limited the inversion and plantar flexion, while semi-rigid ankle brace merely decreased the ankle inversion for collegiate athletes with training background. Results indicated that athletes were more suitable for elastic ankle brace. (2) As for collagiate students without training history, both elastic ankle and semi-rigid decreased the ankle inversion and plantar flexion. It was worth to noted that elastic ankle brace had greater restriction on inversion, while semi-rigid ankle brace presented more restriction on plantar flexion. Therefore, we can conclude that elastic ankle brace should be utilized if the athletes had calcaneofibular ligament injury. Moreover, the semi-rigid ankle brace was more suitable for the athletes who had history of the anterior talofibular ligament injury.