Objective On the basis of explicit dynamics calculation theory, a numerical model for calculating active and passive properties of muscles with high strain rate was proposed. Methods In the process of calculating the motion equation of muscle element with high strain rate, Hill’s three-factor muscle model with high strain rate was introduced into the noda force formula to modify the node force in each time step. Results As Hill’s three-factor muscle model was introduced in numerical calculation, the muscle element had the passive characteristics of the general structural constitutive model and its proprietary active characteristics. Conclusions The research findings will contribute to numerical calculation for dynamic response and damage of muscles with high strain rate.