Objective To establish a blast injury experimental model using a shock tube at the side lying position of C57BL/6 mice, investigate the biomechanical responses of macrophages/microglia cells in heart, lung and brain tissue to mechanical damage by shock wave within 24 hours. Methods Shock tube was employed to generate a shock wave to C57BL/6 mice. Firstly, the weight changes of mice were measured at different time points after the shock. Then the cardiac, pulmonary and whole brain tissue samples were dissected after anesthesia. Pathological sections were stained with HE staining to detect structural damage; the TUNEL staining method was used to mark and count the proportion of dead cells in each tissue. Microglial cells were labeled with fluorescent antibody, while the responses and changes of macrophages/microglia after shock loading were analyzed. Results The shock tube exerted an overpressure shock wave of 179 KPa on the side of the mouse, and the lethal rate of the mouse was 3.33%. Compared with the normal control group, the mice in the experimental group had a significant weight loss within 24 hours after loading shock (P<0.05). Pathological sections showed rupture of lung tissue after shock, accompanied by alveolar protein deposition, pulmonary bulla and other diseases. Fluorescence staining showed that lung tissue was recruited and activated in a large amount within 24 h. And the proportion of dead cells cleared rebounded to normal level within 24 h. The heart was highly tolerant to shock, and macrophages appeared near the large blood vessels. A large number of aggregation activation. The brain showed unilateral aggregation of microglia due to the impact posture, mainly due to prolonged inflammation and a higher proportion of dead cells at the junction of gray and white matter. Conclusion A blast shock model of the lateral lying position of the mouse was established. Within 24 hours, Macrophages/microglia were recruited quickly to the injury site after being impacted, which mediated strong immune stress, and may participate in the immune response to trigger a second long-term inflammatory injury. The results of the study provide experimental basis for the evaluation of primary impact injury, such as dose-effect relationship and tissue damage difference.