Prosthetic loosening and periprosthetic inflammation, as serious complications after osteoarthritis (OA) joint replacement prosthesis implant surgery, often require secondary surgery for repair, which is easy to adversely affect the physical and mental health and economic status of patients.More and more studies have shown that the functional phenotype expressed by macrophages by different stimulites, namely macrophage polarization state, prolonged M1 polarization can lead to the continuation of long-term inflammation, timely and effective M2 macrophage phenotype will lead to enhanced osteogenesis and tissue remodeling cytokine secretion curve and subsequent osseointegration, which play a crucial role in the development and outcome of prosthetic loosening and periprosthetic inflammation.The local microenvironment of ECM (extracellular matrix) is an important factor in the activation, migration, proliferation and fusion of macrophages. Researchers have deeply understood it mainly through the crosstalk between the surface properties of biomaterials and macrophages. As an effector cell, macrophages can perform complex spatiotemporal cellular functional responses by sensing the physical and chemical environment (surface topography, wettability, chemical composition, biological proteins) represented by the surface properties of biomaterials.This paper summarizes the recent findings on macrophage polarization and material surface properties.