In the process of central nervous system (CNS) development and maturation, the biomechanical factors have not been highly valued for a long time. In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that mechanical environment strongly affects the migration, differentiation and maturation of nerve cells, as well as the cell-cell interactions. Mechanical factors play an important role in realization of the structure and function of the brain and spinal cord. This review briefly summarized the role of biomechanics in CNS perception, path-finding, regulation and network shaping during CNS development. The effects of static and dynamic mechanics on mechanobiological response of nerve cells were also introduced, hoping to provide some ideas for CNS reconstruction and repair in future.