Brain and neck injury has become the most severe injury during vehicle collision accident due to its high fatality rate. Finite element (FE) model has been widely used in the study on biomechanical mechanism of traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this paper, recent literatures on biomechanics of skull-brain-neck FE model were reviewed, advance in the evolution and biomechanical studies of TBI in road traffic accidents was elaborated, and protection methods of head and neck injury were explored, so as to provide a theoretical basis for biomechanical research and development of appropriate car safety devices for TBI in the event of vehicle collision accident.