Objective: The modification and biotribology of the different artificial joint materials were investigated in this paper. The purpose of these studies focused on providing the reliable technological and theoretical basises for the new typical artificial joint designs. Method: Ti surface of Ti6Al4V alloy were modified by the surface carburizing, MAO and ion implantation. The aim was to increase the wear resistance. The filling modification technology was used to increase the loading capacity, creep resistance and wear resistance of UHMWPE. UHMWPE/BHA, UHMWPE/NC and UHMWPE/VE composites were prepared in this study. With polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as matrix material and nano-hydroxyapatite (HA) as the enhancement, PVA/HA hydrogel composite was prepared. The biotribologies of these biomaterials were investigated in this paper. Results: (1) The surface modification of titanium alloy may obtain the ceramic layer with a combination of good performance, which can effectively improve the wear resistance of titanium alloy. (2) The filling modification of UHMWPE can get some good wear-resistant joint composites. The wear particles and biological reaction were reduced effectively.