The changes in spinal cord injury are very complex. It is difficult for animal models to accurately simulate the injury environment and measure the biomechanical properties of local tissues, while the finite element model can analyze the stress and strain distributions of spinal cord tissues, thereby providing a more efficient and ethical approach to pathological research and treatment of spinal cord injury from the biomechanical perspective. At present, the finite element model has been widely used and complemented with animal experimental models. In this study, the research progress of finite element analysis in spinal cord injury was reviewed, and the research status of finite element analysis in spinal cord ontology modeling, biomechanical behavior of spinal cord injury and its clinical application was classified and summarized, so as to provide more comprehensive theoretical references for spinal cord injury in clinic.