Glaucoma is an ophthalmic disease with abnormally elevated intraocular pressure as the main risk factor. Trabecular meshwork is the main channel for the outflow of aqueous humor and is very important for regulating intraocular pressure. Studies have shown that the elasticity of trabecular meshwork in patients with glaucoma is significantly higher than that of normal people. The increase in intraocular pressure may be associated with the increase in trabecular meshwork elasticity. Based on the brief description of characteristic of trabecular meshwork cells, this article focused on the relationship between trabecular meshwork elasticity and glaucoma, as well as the effect of extracellular matrix elasticity on trabecular meshwork cells, so as to study glaucoma pathogenesis and provide references for prevention and treatment.