Objective To analyze stress distributions on mandible bone and periodontal ligaments during acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement by mechanical vibration, and investigate the mechanism of static-vibration coupled loading to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. MethodsThe finite element model including tooth, periodontal ligament, cancellous bone and cortical bone was established by Mimics，SolidWorks，Geomagic and ANSYS Workbench software. Conventional static orthodontic force and low-magnitude high-frequency mechanical vibration loads were applied to the finite element model for dynamic analysis. ResultsThe compression and tension zones of alveolar bone and periodontal tissues were identified based on Y-normal stress distribution of alveolar bone and periodontal tissues, which was periodic with the same frequency as the applied low-magnitude high-frequency vibration. The von Mises stress of alveolar bone and periodontal tissues also showed periodic changes, but the compression and tension zones of alveolar bone and periodontal tissues could not be identified based on von Mises stress distribution of alveolar bone and periodontal tissues. Conclusions In the field of orthodontics, Y-normal stress is a reasonable mechanical stimulus, and static-vibration coupled loading is an effective method for accelerating orthodontic treatment. The research findings can provide guidance for low-magnitude high-frequency mechanical vibration to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement.