Objective To study the method of estimating noninvasive dynamic respiratory mechanics parameters for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods By simplifying the human respiratory system into a first order single compartment model and setting constraints based on optimization method, the respiratory system resistance and compliance of COPD patients were estimated. Results By using the model and setting the constraint conditions in the simulation experiment, the respiratory system resistance and compliance of COPD patients with spontaneous breathing could be estimated, and the results were relatively accurate (within 5% error). The estimated result could be obtained by data of one respiratory cycle within three respiratory cycles, which could meet the requirements of dynamic monitoring data. Conclusions Based on optimization method, the noninvasive dynamic evaluation on respiratory resistance and compliance of COPD patients were carried out in simulation experiments and proved to be feasible for further clinical trials. The research findings could help doctors to monitor the resistance and compliance changes of COPD patients in real time after clinical trial, and provided references for diagnosis and treatment of COPD.