不同地面对跑步下肢运动生物力学的影响
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国家自然科学基金项目(11572202,11772201)


Influences on Sports Biomechanics of Lower Extremities During Running on Different Surfaces
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    摘要:

    诸多因素会影响跑步运动损伤的发生,其中内在因素包括人体解剖学因素、受伤史、下肢运动生物力学和运动中的神经肌肉控制等,外在因素包括训练方法、跑步鞋、跑步路面等。跑步路面被认为是造成跑步运动损伤发生的重要潜在风险因素之一。总结不同地面对跑步下肢运动学、动力学、神经肌肉调控、运动损伤方面的影响,发现在不同地面跑步时,人体可能通过自身的神经肌肉调节功能进行运动学调整以获得动力学适应,调节下肢刚度以获得相似的冲击负荷。但是目前关于在不同路面上跑步的生物力学变化,多数研究只关注于运动学、动力学和神经肌肉调控中的某一方面,缺乏更进一步具体的三维运动生物力学数据,以及针对这种生物力学调整的具体神经肌肉调控机制。

    Abstract:

    Risk factors for running injuries can be clustered into intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors include human anatomy, history of previous injuries, sports biomechanics and human neuromuscular control, etc. Extrinsic factors include training method , running shoes and running surfaces, etc. Running surface is considered as one of the most potential risk factors for running injuries. This review summarized the findings on kinematics, kinetics, neuromuscular control and running injuries of lower extremity during running on different surfaces. In general, neuromuscular adjustment may contribute to kinematic adaption during running on different surfaces, and runners can adapt their kinetics and stiffness of lower extremity to achieve similar impact force. However, studies on biomechanical changes during running on different surfaces mainly focus on only one aspect of kinematics, kinetics and neuromuscular regulation. Further studies should focus on three-dimensional biomechanical analysis during running on different surfaces, as well as specific mechanisms of neuromuscular regulation for these biomechanical adjustments.

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张雨,王琳.不同地面对跑步下肢运动生物力学的影响[J].医用生物力学,2018,33(6):577-582

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  • 收稿日期:2017-11-27
  • 最后修改日期:2018-01-30
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  • 在线发布日期: 2018-12-26
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