Aiming at the background and significance of biomechanical researches on lumbar interbody fusion, the research progress of interbody cage and interbody fusion was reviewed and its prospect was forecasted. The related work was summarized, including research method of lumbar biomechanics, biomechanics of interbody cage, and biomechanics of lumbar interbody fusion. The main research directions on biomechanical study of lumbar interbody fusion were: modeling refinement of finite element method， geometrical optimization of traditional fusion device, clinical application of new porous fusion device, and diversification of the supplemented fixation method. Finally, the prospect of biomechanics of lumbar interbody fusion was discussed. The review and prospect on biomechanics of lumbar interbody fusion will provide references for clinical treatment of lumbar spine diseases.