Motion analysis is the science that quantitatively investigates human body movement. Motion analysis can help simplify human body motion when performing complex tasks, facilitate standardization of the movement and improve the efficiency of carrying out the tasks. Currently, motion analysis has been widely applied in many fields of the daily life, including medicine, sports science, rehabilitation, entertainment, etc. In clinics, motion analysis had been used in not only the diagnoses of various neuromusculoskeletal diseases and patient-specific treatment planning, but also in the evaluation of outcomes of medical devices such as orthopedic implants and rehabilitation equipment. Therefore, the development of accurate and user-friendly motion analysis techniques will greatly advance the orthopedic surgeries, rehabilitation applications, precision medicine and medical engineering research. This article briefly introduces the history of motion analysis science, typical motion capture technologies, and then discusses the clinical applications of contemporary motion analysis methods as well as its future development.