Objective To develop an in vitro vascular tensile stress loading device and study the distributions of tensile stress and tensile strain on the elastic basement membrane (silicone sheet). Method The in vitro vascular tensile stress loading device which simulated the human hemodynamic environment was developed based on the elastic basement membrane deformation loading technology. The images of grid points before and after the stretch of the silicon sheet were recorded by camera and transformed into the digital images. The characteristics for the location of the grid points were calculated by using Matlab software, so as to obtain the strain distribution on the silicon sheet. Experiments were conducted on the silicon sheet by using the universal material testing machine, so as to calculate the mechanical parameters of the silicon sheet. The finite element model was established according to the mechanical parameters, and the distribution of tensile stress and tensile strain on the silicon sheet was simulated and calculated. The experimental results and simulative results were then compared. Results The finite element results were basically in accordance with the experimental results. The maximum value of tensile stress and tensile strain appeared on the loading point, while the stress and strain in intermediate area were comparatively homogeneous. 60% of the intermediate area in the silicone sheet could be regarded as homogeneous strain fields Conclusions The research finding can provide experimental techniques for the dynamic culture of vascular endothelial cells and the research on cell mechanics in the future.