Objective To study the self-adaptive anti-control of a single H-R neuronal system transformed from periodic dynamics pattern to chaos. Methods Numerical analysis was performed by adding sine function self-delay feedback while coupling intensity and time-delay, respectively, as the control parameters. Results By numerical simulation and analysis, it was found that in a certain range of the combination of coupling intensity and time-delay, the time-interval sequences of the dynamical pattern of a single H-R neuronal system could be controlled from a periodical pattern of 3 spikes onto chaos and other periodical patterns. Conclusions The method of self-adaptive feedback of sine function is effective for the anti-control of H-R neuron, and the coupling intensity and time-delay are both important parameters. The particular self-adaptive dynamics of information identification to neuron is reflected in the control process.