Mechanical environment and intervention do have effects on both structure and function of musculoskeletal system, prevention and treatment of related disorders as well as its rehabilitation. With rapid advancement in cellular and molecular biology, biomechanics in musculoskeletal research has extended from organ and tissue level to cellular, molecular and gene level. The development of medical biomechanics promotes research and development of mechanical stimulation-based medical devices and accordingly, how mechanical stimulation can enhance osteogenesis and bone regeneration has become a hot basic and applied research area in orthopaedics. The Journal of Medical Biomechanics has published a series of basic and applied research work on potentials of biomedical stimulations for musculoskeletal systems. In this issue, the Journal specifically selected a few original efficacy and mechanistic research on mechanical stimulation for enhancing osteogenesis and bone regeneration in challenging osteoporotic fracture repair. Such efforts would help to facilitate more clinical orientated scientific research.