There are two important recent advances in cardiovascular biomechanics. One is cardiovascular mechanobiology, which illustrates how mechanical factors can generate biological effects resulting in vascular remodeling. By studying signal transduction pathway in the cardiovascular system and means of mechanical control, cardiovascular mechanobiology aims to investigate the nature of cardiovascular disease at cellular and molecular level. The other is cardiovascular numerical simulation and individual design of surgery operation on the basis of clinical images. Based on fluid mechanics, clinical images as well as advanced measuring and testing methods of flow field, cardiovascular numerical simulation and quantitative analysis can be conducted. New in vivo techniques for studying cardiovascular function and the design of individual surgery system can provide biomechanical solutions for the diagnosis, therapy and prewarning of cardiovascular disease. In this special issue, seven papers on cardiovascular biomechanics are published, covering vascular cell mechanobiology and cardiovascular numerical simulation connected with the clinical problems tightly. These papers show us some recent advances in cardiovascular biomechanics in China.