This study reviews recent publications on the biomechanical causes and treatment of flat foot, through searching PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang and other databases. The reasons for the formation of flat footinclude congenital factors and acquired factors, while the treatment methods mainly include orthopedic insoles, physical therapy, surgical therapy and exercise therapy. These methods, to a certain extent, can correct foot structural abnormalities, optimize biomechanical properties and improve foot stability and range of motion. For future research, the advanced imaging and simulation technology will be used for accurate assessment, the application of novel materials and non-surgical therapies will relieve long-term symptoms, genetic researches will promote the development of early diagnosis and personalized treatment, and the use of intelligent orthosis will realize real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment, to provide more and more effective methods and means for the evaluation, intervention and treatment of flat foot.