Objective To establish a biomechanical model of cervical kyphosis under the effects of axial traction load and lateral push load, providing a theoretical basis for the treatment of cervical curvature abnormalities, thereby formulating the most appropriate treatment plan for patients. Methods Based on the CT scan data of patients, the axial data of the cervical spine was extracted to fit the cervical curvature curve. Using the Timoshenko beam theory and the cervical rehabilitation training system, a mathematical model of cervical kyphosis was established for analytical calculations to obtain the recovery curve of the cervical spine under load and the total load required to cure cervical kyphosis, verifying its rationality. Results A biomechanical model of cervical kyphosis was established, showing that under the effects of axial traction load and lateral push load, the cervical spine effectively developed in the direction of physiological bending. The total axial load and lateral load were found to be 353N and 5 649N, respectively, and the magnitude of the total axial load increased with the increase in traction angle. The therapeutic moment of the total lateral load decreases as the Bordon value increases. The therapeutic moment of the axial load is less than that of the lateral load in the range of normal Bordon value, confirming the rationality of the loads. Conclusions The established biomechanical model of cervical kyphosis can accurately simulate the biomechanical behavior characteristics of the cervical spine, and the analysis results are valid, providing a mechanical theoretical basis for the design of treatment plans for patients.