目的：探寻1500m自由泳比赛中奖牌获得者是否与竞争对手选择不同的节奏策略，旨在确定获得比赛胜利的有效节奏策略特征。方法：选取2003-2023年游泳世锦赛1500m自由泳决赛运动员为研究对象，根据最终名次对比赛中175名精英运动员（男87、女88）分段时间、比赛成绩和位置分别计算，比较奖牌获得者与其竞争对手在节奏策略主要指标之间的差异，对上述的变量选择单因素方差统计分析。结果：1）不论从全程的分段时间，还是从出发、途中游和冲刺阶段的速度看，奖牌获得者均拥有明显的速度优势（P<0.01或P<0.001）。2）比赛成绩归一化后，奖牌获得者与4-8名运动员在分段时间百分比和标准化速度上的差异主要体现在前、后半程的后400m左右（P<0.05）。3）无论是否获得奖牌，男子自由泳运动员节奏策略类型以反J型、U型居多，而女子则以反J型为主（90.9%）。4）奖牌获得者的出发和冲刺指数较高，但是仅冲刺指数与4-8名运动员存在显著性差异（P<0.05），同时在途中游阶段的变异系数以及变异系数密度分布的中位数和四分位数明显较低。结论：不论性别和最终比赛名次，所有1500m自由泳决赛运动员基本都采用类似的抛物线节奏策略。但是相对4-8名运动员，奖牌获得者均选择相对保守的出发策略、较为稳定的途中速度以及强劲的冲刺。综合来看，反J型曲线是精英自由泳运动员获得1500m比赛胜利的有效节奏策略。

Objective: To explore whether the medalists in 1500m freestyle swimming choose different pacing strategies from their competitors in order to determine the most effective pacing strategies characteristics to obtain victory in swimming. Methods: The 1500m freestyle finalists in World Swimming Championships from 2003 to 2023 as candidates of this study. In total, data of 175 swimming performances (87 male and 88 female) were extracted according to their final ranking. With the split time, cumulative time and position were calculated across the race. The difference of the main indicators in pacing strategies between medalists and their competitors was compared, and the above variables were selected for One-Way ANOVA statistical analysis. Results: 1) The medalists had a significant speed advantage regardless of split time in the race, as well as the velocity of the starting stage, intermediate swim and end spurt (p<0.01or p<0.001). 2) After the normalization of the cumulative time, the difference between the medalists and 4th -8th athletes in the percentage of split time and normalized velocity is mainly reflected in the last 400m or so of the first and second half (p<0.05). 3) Regardless of whether they won medals or not, the pacing strategies of male freestyle swimmers were mostly reverse J and U-shaped, while that of female were mainly reverse J-shaped (90.9%). 4) DSI and ESI of medalists were higher, but the ESI was significantly different from that of 4th-8th athletes (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the coefficient of variation and the median and quartile of the density distribution of CV were significantly lower in intermediate stage. Conclusion: All 1500m freestyle finalists follow a similar parabolic pacing strategies regardless of gender and final race position. Compared with their competitors, the medalists chose a relatively conservative starting strategy, a more even pace through the middle section of the race and a strong end-spurt. In summary, the reverse J shaped is an effective pacing strategies for elite freestyle athletes to success in 1500m swimming competitions.