Injury biomechanics is an interdisciplinary field that studies the biomechanical responses and injury mechanisms of the human body under external loads. The goal is to provide scientific foundations for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human injuries. This field is widely applied in clinical medicine, sports science, rehabilitation engineering, traffic safety, aerospace, and other domains. In this review, the research progress in injury biomechanics in the year 2023 is summarized, focusing on in-depth analysis of injury mechanisms, innovations in injury prediction and protective countermeasure, and the latest applications of injury diagnosis and rehabilitation technologies. By systematically reviewing the research advancements, this review aims to offer new directions and ideas to the continued development of injury biomechanics and promote interdisciplinary collaboration and technological innovation.