Objective To analyze thoracolumbar vertebral fractures (A3) treated by multiple manipulations using the finite element method and to explore the feasibility and advantages of the composite surgical method for treating thoracolumbar vertebral fractures (A3). Methods For three-dimensional reconstruction of thoracolumbar vertebral fractures (A3), the model was loaded with simulated hyperextension posture restoration, simple press restoration, press restoration under hyperextension posture, and composite manipulation. Subsequentially, the stress distribution of the model and displacement of the fractured vertebral body were observed. Results The equivalent stress under composite manipulation was 111.88 MPa, which was greater than that under other manipulations, and the stress under composite manipulation was more concentrated in the anterior and middle columns of the vertebral body. The peak stress under composite manipulation was 122.53 MPa, which was greater than that under other manipulations, and the stress was centrally distributed in fracture region of the fractured vertebral body. The fracture displacement under composite manipulation was 3.94 mm, which was greater than that under other manipulations, and the displacement distribution decreased from the posterior column to the anterior mid-column. The anterior longitudinal and intertransverse interligamentous ligaments of the fractured vertebral body experienced the greatest stress under composite manipulation, and the joint capsule ligaments experienced the greatest stress under hyperextension postural restoration, simple press restoration, and press restoration under the hyperextension posture. Conclusions Compound manipulation for treating thoracolumbar vertebral fractures (A3) has obvious advantages over other manipulative restorations and is a reasonable program for the current treatment of thoracolumbar vertebral fractures (A3).