Objective To investigate the effects of different alveolar bone heights and orthodontic forces on tooth displacement and periodontal stress changes, and to guide the optimization of orthodontic treatments. Method Four groups of mandibular dentition finite element models with normal alveolar bone height, resorption 1/3, resorption 1/2, and resorption 2/3 were established. Next, the lingual, distal, and intrusion movements of the mandibular central incisors were simulated with different loads. Finally, the trend of tooth displacement and the change of displacement amount, as well as the distribution and size change of periodontal stress were analyzed. Results With alveolar bone height decreased and orthodontic force increased, the maximum periodontal equivalent force increased and the stress concentration in cervical increased and the displacement of each observation point and the crown-root displacement difference increased, the tendency for tipping movement of the teeth increased in the three movements. Conclusions ①The reduction in alveolar bone height may exacerbate stress concentrations at the top of the alveolar ridge as well as the tendency for tipping movement. ②It is recommended that: for 1/3 of the alveolar bone resorption: lingual movement force of 50~100 g, distal movement force of 100~150 g, and intrusion movement force of 50~75 g; for 1/2 resorption of the alveolar bone: lingual movement of less than 50 g, distal movement of 50~100 g, and intrusion movement of less than 50 g; for 2/3 resorption of the alveolar bone height: lingual and intrusion movements should not be applied; distal movements with a force of less than 50 g are appropriate.