Objective Airway resistance (R) and lung compliance (C) under non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) conditions were measured using a brief pressure release at the end of expiration, and the measurement accuracy was also evaluated. Methods An NPPV respirator was developed by programming a method for calculating R and C. An experimental platform based on the active servo lung ASL5000 was designed. By simulating a healthy adult (R=5 cmH2O and C=50 mL/cmH2O), an adult patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (R=10 cmH2O and C=30 mL/cmH2O), and an adult patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (R=20 cmH2O and C=50 mL/cmH2O), a series of experiments for calculating the R and C were conducted. Results The maximum relative error of R was -12.67%, which occurred in calculating the R of an average adult. The maximum relative error of C was 17.37%, which occurred when calculating the C values of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Each group of data was analyzed using a paired t-test, which showed statistically significant differences (P>0.05). Conclusions The calculation method for R and C at the end of expiration during NPPV is feasible, and its realization and application will be beneficial for achieving precise and personalized respiratory ventilation.