Objective To explore the biomechanical responses of the cupula of the human semicircular canal to three basic rotational perception processes. Methods A one-dimensional visual semicircular canal model was successfully fabricated using three-dimensional printing and hydrogel physical cross-linking technologies, and the response deformation of the cupula was explored by applying constant angular velocity, constant angular acceleration, and sinusoidal oscillation stimulations. Results The time constant of the biomimetic semicircular canal model was stable at approximately 3 s and close to the human time constant. The displacement deformation of the ampullary cupula was proportional to the angular acceleration applied. Under sinusoidal oscillation stimulation of 0.07–5.00 Hz, the gain of the semicircular canal increased from 1.54 μm/° rises to 42.34 μm/°, but the phase difference decreased from 109.72° to 11.27°. Conclusions The biomimetic semicircular canal model prepared in this study can accurately simulate the working mechanism of the human semicircular canal and is expected to play a role in mechanism research and disease diagnosis of the human vestibular semicircular canal.