The research about physiological changes caused by special mechanical environment in aerospace activities have always been important parts of mechanobiology researches. This review summarizes the progress of aerospace mechanobiology researches in 2023, primarily focusing on the biological effects of weightlessness, including results obtained at the cellular, model animal, and human levels under both real space and ground-based simulated weightlessness, so as to assist the development of aerospace mechanobiology, as well as health protection or countermeasures for astronauts and relevant populations on the ground.