得分下竞技跆拳道运动员双飞踢动作时下肢生物力学特征分析
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1.武汉体育学院湖北省运动装备工程技术研究中心;2.西北工业大学体育部;3.武汉体育学院竞技体育学院

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Investigation on Biomechanical Characteristics of Lower Extremities for Athletes under Scores during Double Roundhouse Kick in Competitive Taekwondo
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    摘要:

    目的:探索竞技跆拳道运动员在使用电子护具时双飞踢动作的下肢运动生物力学特征。方法:利用电子护具计分系统、表面肌电测试设备、三维运动捕捉设备和三维力台,采集14名竞技跆拳道运动员双飞踢动作有效得分时下肢关节的运动学、动力学和表面肌电数据,使用Visual3D软件进行数据计算了动作时间、重心位移、下肢关节活动范围和速度关节角度、地反力等参数数据计算。结果:1)两次击打总用时为0.583s,优势侧和非优势侧的进攻时长一致。2)重心的偏移较小,优势侧和非优势侧均具有较好的击打平衡控制能力。3)两侧的下肢关节运动角度和角速度变化的趋势是一致;4)在击打前膝关节屈曲阶段,进攻腿膝关节屈曲角度的不足可以在伸展阶段加大伸展角速度而产生获得有效击打;5)在击打前膝关节屈曲和伸展阶段,下肢两侧腓肠肌内侧头募集程度最大发电量最大。结论:双飞踢技术具有较好的连续性和左右对称性,在第二次击打时减小进攻时间有助于得分是防守反击中重要的得分手段。在双飞踢动作的训练过程中应加强踝关节灵活性、下肢腓肠肌、臀大肌和股二头肌的力量训练,以适应穿戴采用电子护具的比赛模式。

    Abstract:

    Objective: The biomechanical characteristics of lower extremity of competitive taekwondo athletes with during double roundhouse kick (DRK) were explored whenwhile usingthe electronic body protector (EBP) is used. Methods: Fourteen competitive taekwondo athletes were recruited to collect kinematic, kinetic and surface EMG data of the lower limb joints of the DRK action at the time of effective scoring using an electronic guard scoring system, sEMG testing equipment, 3D motion capture equipment and 3D force table, and use Visual3D software to calculate movement time, joint angle, ground reaction force and other data.The kinematic, kinetic and Surface electromyography (sEMG) data of lower limb joints during effective scoring of DRK action of 14 competitive taekwondo athletes were collected using 3D motion capture system, 3D force measurement table, sEMG test equipment and EBP, and the data were calculated using Visual3D software. Results: 1) The total time taken for two strikes of DRK was 0.583s, and the attacking time period of both dominant and non-dominant sides was the same. 2) The shift of center of gravity was smaller during the striking processkick, and both dominant and non-dominant sides had have good balance control abilitybetter control of striking balance. 3) There isare the same trends of changes in hip, knee, and ankle joint motion angles and angular velocities of the two sides. 4) The deficiency of the knee joint flexion angle of the attacking leg in the knee flexion phase before striking can be achieved by increaseing the extension angle velocityspeed in the extension phase and produce effective striking; In the knee flexion stage before hitting, the deficiency of the knee flexion angle of the attacking leg can be achieved by increasing the extension angular velocity in the extension stage (5) In the knee flexion and extension phases before striking, the medial head of the lower limb gastrocnemius muscle generates the most power both on two sides. Conclusion: The DRK technique has good continuity and left-right symmetry and is an important scoring tool in defensive counterattack. Athletes should strengthen the ankle joint flexibility, the strength training of lower limb gastrocnemius, and gluteus maximus and biceps femoris in the training process of DRK actionmovement, that unnecessary sports injuries will be avoided and in order more adaptableto adapt to the game mode using EBP.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-01-13
  • 最后修改日期:2023-02-06
  • 录用日期:2023-02-16
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