Glaucoma is an ophthalmic disease with abnormally elevated intraocular pressure as a main risk factor. Trabecular meshwork is the main channel for the outflow of aqueous humor and is very important for regulating intraocular pressure. Studies have shown that the elasticity of the trabecular meshwork in patients with glaucoma is significantly higher than that of normal people. The increase in intraocular pressure may be associated with the increase in the elasticity of the trabecular meshwork. Based on a brief description of the characteristic of trabecular meshwork cells, this article focuses on the relationship between trabecular meshwork elasticity and glaucoma, and the effect of extracellular matrix elasticity on trabecular meshwork cells, in order to study the pathogenesis of glaucoma and provide reference for prevention and treatment.