According to the location and function of oral mucosa, the oral mucosa can be divided into three categories, namely masticatory mucosa, coated mucosa and special mucosa, which the biomechanics of each category is significantly different. Oral masticatory mucosa, including hard palate and gingival mucosa, bears chewing pressure and friction, and plays an important role in denture restoration. Understanding the biomechanics of oral masticatory mucosa is helpful to understand and solve the clinical problems related to oral masticatory mucosa better. This paper reviews the progress of biomechanical research on oral masticatory mucosa from three aspects: anatomical and physiological analysis, biomechanical characteristics (stress-strain curve, Poisson's ratio, friction coefficient) and clinical significance, in order to provide further theoretical basis for the study of oral prosthodontics.