Objective To establish the implant-mandible model with different design parameters, observe the stress distribution of the implant and surrounding bone, and analyze the influence of different design parameters on the dental implant of the mandible, so as to provide theoretical guidance for oral implant surgery. Methods Scanning images of the mandible and its teeth were obtained through microscopic CT. Data features were extracted by Mimics and Geomagic Studio, and then imported into SolidWorks for solid modeling and assembly. Eight groups of finite element models were designed based on the structural characteristics of implant diameter, thread depth, height of abutment through gingiva, thread shape and other parameters. Eight models were imported into ANSYS to analyze the Von Mises stress peak of bone tissue and implant under static 150N: vertical and oblique 45° loads to explore the most sensitive structural parameter variables of implant to Von Mises stress peak. Results The stress peak value of jaw was larger under inclined load than that under vertical load. Among the four structural parameters, the diameter of implant was the key factor affecting the Von Mises peak value of cortical. Thread depth was the key factor affecting the Von Mises peak stress of cancellous bone. The peak value of Von Mises stress was also affected by the height of abutment through gingiva, but the effect was not as significant as the thread depth and the diameter of the implant. Thread shape had little effect on the peak Von Mises stress of jaw tissue. Conclusions Different implant design parameters can affect the stress peak of different tissues of the jaw, so it is necessary to carefully consider the selection of implant parameters for personalized implants. This study can provide more rigorous theoretical guidance for the design of the structural parameters of oral implants and provide guidance for the accurate prediction of oral implants.