Purpose The stress distribution of mandible bone and periodontal ligament during acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement by mechanical vibration was analyzed by using finite element method, and then mechanism of static-vibration coupled loading to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement was discussed. Methods The finite element model including tooth, periodontal ligament, cancellous bone and cortical bone was established by Mimics software，Solid Works software，Geomagic software and ANSYS Workbench software. Conventional static orthodontic force and low-load high-frequency mechanical vibration load were applied to the finite element model for dynamic analysis. Result The compression and tension zones of alveolar bone and periodontal tissue were identified based on y-normal stress distribution of alveolar bone and periodontal tissue, which was periodic with the same frequency as the applied low-magnitude high-frequency vibration. The von Mises stress of alveolar bone and periodontal tissue also showed periodic changes, but the compression and tension zones of alveolar bone and periodontal tissue were not identified based on von Mises stress distribution of alveolar bone and periodontal tissue. Conclusions In the field of orthodontics, y-normal stress was a reasonable mechanical stimulus, and static-vibration coupled loading was an effective method for accelerating orthodontic treatment. This study could provide guidance for mechanical vibration to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement.