Objectives: Create model of vena arterialization. Based on the comparison from arteriovenous biomechanics perspectives and arteriovenous mechanical parameter probe before and after vena arterialization, we could explore the connection between features of its biomechanics and vena arterialization. Methods: Prepare 24 rabbits. 12 for experimental group, another 12 for control group. By setting up vena arterialization model for experimental rabbit group, it allows arterial blood to flow into veins. Vein would be taken according to preset time (4w after surgery) after model creation , while in the meantime, external jugular vein and cephalic artery extracted from control group are acquired. These three items finish compressive tensile mechanics test at the same time. Observation is supported by HE coloration and immune tissue chemical skills. Result: No death occurred among 24 rabbits. Blood flow unobstructed in veins. The result shows that: 1.With the increase of intravascular pressure (2.66-26.60kPa), the changes of vascular outer diameter are first changed and then floating around a fixed value: the changes of vein outer diameter in the experimental group (8273.68-10338.66μm), the changes of vein outer diameter in the control group (10219.1-10606.89μm), and the changes of artery outer diameter in the control group (4280.42-5669.90μm). 2.Comparison of arteriovenous mechanical indexes: the elasticity of veins (slope k=16.20) is worse than that of arteries (slope k=58.04) (P < 0.05). External diameter of vein increases rapidly according to vein’s internal pressure and reach extreme level. Comparatively, such index of artery increases slowly.3. HE coloration shows that vascular wall thickness is thinner, while it becomes thicker after vena arterialization. Immune tissue chemical skills indicated that after vena arterialization, PCNA and a-action shows positive results. It further proves that proliferation exist among smooth muscle cells, and veins show tendency of restenosis again.4. Comparison of mechanical indexes before and after venous arterialization: Vein elasticity after transplantation into the arterial system (slope k=86.26) is improved compared with that before transplantation (slope k=16.20) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: 1. Accompanied by increasing pressure, vein could reach elasticity extremity faster than artery. Under high pressure through a long period of time, vein intima is impaired because of this; 2. After vena arterialization, based on gradual thickening of vein intima, it is obvious for tendency of restenosis, and elasticity has been improved before transplantation. The clinical significances of this research are: 1. we could find the maximum index of vein elasticity of human body based on this mechanical experiment. By controlling the pressure in venous lumen under maximum level during the surgery, it can be assured minimum level of impairment of vein intima before matching. It also means a lot for increasing future primary patency during vein surgery; 2. We could control or lower the tendency of elasticity increasing after vena arterialization from the perspective of mechanics. Further discussion could be actively conducted in prevention of artery transplantation from vein’s restenosis too fast and too soon.