Objective To develop a microscopic 3D morphology testing system used for measuring the natural texture of human incisor, and provide practical data for the individualized technique used in dental restoration. Methods Based on microscope and digital image correlation (DIC), a microscopic 3D morphology testing system with its software was developed. The precision of this system was then evaluated, and the characterization of the 3D surface morphology for human incisor was measured by the system. Results Within the field of view (FOV) of 17 mm×12 mm, the accuracy of in plane displacement was estimated as 0.6 μm, while that of out of plane displacement was 5.4 μm. The dimension of horizontal grooves on the labial surface of incisor was determined, where the depth and length for the long groove were 83 μm and 5.28 mm, respectively; the depth and length for the short groove were 40 μm and 4.24 mm, respectively, and the space between the two grooves was 2.85 mm. Conclusions The microscopic 3D morphology testing system is an effective instrument for measuring the surface morphology of human incisors accurately.