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[摘要]
目的 调查飞行员的颈部损伤现状,分析导致颈部损伤的因素和飞行员的颈部损伤对飞行训练的影响,为开展相应的生理研究和开发工程解决方案提出建议。方法 对1 924名军机飞行员进行问卷调查,涉及初教机、强击机、歼击机、轰炸机、运输机及直升机飞行员。调查分为两部分:(1)飞行员基本情况,包括:单位、年龄、机种、飞行时间、身高、体重;(2)颈部损伤情况,包括:颈部症状、颈部症状对飞行的影响、导致颈部损伤的原因等。对调查结果进行统计分析。结果 本研究调查表明71.3%的飞行员曾有过颈部不适症状,60.4%的飞行员颈部不适发生在飞行中;有33.7%的飞行员曾有过颈部疼痛症状,19.2%的飞行员的颈部疼痛症状发生在飞行中;飞行加速度、头盔重量及飞行日留空时间过长是导致飞行员颈部症状的主要原因。轰炸机飞行员发生颈部不适和疼痛的比例最高。结论 颈部损伤已成为我军飞行员的常见病与多发病,飞行员的颈部损伤已影响到日常的飞行训练,且随着歼、强击机飞行员的飞行载荷及飞行训练强度的增加,飞行员的颈部损伤还会呈上升趋势。因此,应高度重视军机飞行员的颈部损伤问题,对此问题的生理研究及工程解决方案还需进行深入研究。
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[Abstract]
Objective To investigate the present situation of neck injuries in military pilots, analyze possible factors that induce neck injuries and how such injuries could influence flight training, and provide suggestions for relevant physiological researches and engineering solutions. Method Questionnaires were carried out among 1 924 military pilots, including pilots of primary trainer, attacker, fighter, bomber, transporter and helicopter. The questionnaire consist of 2 parts: (1) pilots’ basic information, such as unit, age, type of aircraft, flying hours, height, weight, etc. (2) relevant issues on neck injuries, including symptoms and their influences on flight, reasons that cause the injuries, etc. Statistical analyses were conducted according to the questionnaire results. Results The investigation showed that 71.3% of the pilots had uncomfortable neck symptoms and 60.4% of them had befallen such symptoms during flight. 33.7% of the pilots had suffered neck pain and 19.2% of them reported that such pains took place during flight. Factors such as acceleration, weight of helmet and long duration of flight would be the main reasons resulting in the discomfort of neck. Bomber pilots showed the highest proportion either on the neck discomfort or on the neck pain. Conclusions Neck injuries have become the frequently occurring illness in Chinese military pilots and have affected their daily flight. The study also foresees an increased tendency on pilots’ neck injuries due to the growing requirements of flight load and training strength on fighter and attacker pilots. Therefore, great importance should be attached on neck injuries of military pilots and further studies should be conducted on physiological investigations and engineering solutions.
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