目的 利用膝关节有限元模型和模拟跳伞着陆实验数据，对半蹲式跳伞着陆过程进行数值模拟，并分析膝关节损伤的机理。方法 对16名健康志愿者进行半蹲式模拟跳伞实验，跳落高度分别为0.32 m，0.52 m和0.72 m。基于核磁共振成像建立人体膝关节的三维有限元模型，采用实验测得的膝关节运动学和地面反力数据对跳伞着陆过程进行数值模拟。结果 关节内组织的应力水平随着跳落高度的增加而增加，外侧半月板和关节软骨承受了较大的载荷，前交叉韧带和内侧副韧带在屈膝角度达到最大时产生明显的应力集中。结论 跳伞着陆的高速冲击是造成关节损伤的直接原因，外侧关节软骨和半月板更易受到损伤，前交叉韧带和内侧副韧带较易在屈膝幅度最大时发生撕裂。

Objective To numerically simulate the halfsquat parachute landing and analyze the mechanism of knee injuries with the finite element method based on the data of the simulated parachute landing experiment. Method The halfsquat parachuting experiment was performed by 16 healthy volunteers. The heights of simulated landing were 0.32 m, 0.52 m and 0.72 m respectively. A threedimensional finite element model of human knee joint was developed based on magnetic resonance images. The kinematical data of the knee and the data of the reaction force obtained by experiments were used to make a numerical simulation of the parachute landing process. Results The stress level of the knee increased with the increase of the height. The lateral meniscus and cartilage suffered greater loads than the medial ones. Obvious stress concentrations occurred in the anterior cruciate ligament and the medial collateral ligament when the knee flexion degree reached the peak value. Conclusions The severe impact in parachute landing is the direct cause of injuries in parachute landing. The lateral cartilage and meniscus are more likely to be injured, and the anterior cruciate ligament and the medial collateral ligament are easier to tear when the knee flexion degree reaches the peak value.

国家自然科学基金资助项（10925208），国家重点实验室开放基金，中央高校基本科研业务费专项