气道平滑肌生物力学与哮喘病理机制的研究进展
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Progress of Biomechanics of Airway Smooth Muscle and Its Implication to Asthma Pathobiology
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    摘要:

    哮喘病是危害人类健康的重要呼吸疾病,但其病理机制至今依然不完全清楚。由于呼吸依赖于各级肺组织在外力作用下的一系列力学过程,其力学因素必定在呼吸功能方面发挥着重要作用。其中,气道平滑肌细胞对物理环境很敏感,异常的力学因素刺激将可能改变气道平滑肌细胞的结构和/或功能,导致气道平滑肌过度收缩等病理变化。近年来,人们对气道平滑肌生物力学及其在哮喘的病理机制中的作用展开了大量研究,获得了许多重要的发现。本文将围绕气道平滑肌与肺中的力学环境介绍有关研究的最新进展,包括气道平滑肌收缩和骨架纤维的组织结构,气道平滑肌功能长度范围以及适应性,力学刺激引起的气道平滑肌细胞结构和功能的变化,气道平滑肌紧张度对应变诱导的响应的调控,细胞骨架软玻态动力学行为等,并探讨气道平滑肌生物力学与哮喘病病理机制的关系。

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    Asthma is an old and increasingly life-threatening disease. The mechanism of asthma is, however, not well understood. In asthma, the gas exchange as the primary function of the human lung can be seriously impaired. Since gas exchange is achieved through a series of respiratory acts that are operated via physical forces and stresses acting on each level of the lung structure, biomechanics of lung tissues including airway smooth muscle (ASM) must have an important role in asthma. In this article, we review latest advances in aspects associated with ASM biomechanics. We first discuss the mechanical environment in the lung structure, then introduce the latest findings of ASM structure and function including ASM contractile filament organization, functional length range and adaptation, cellular structure and functional changes in responses to mechanical perturbation, ASM tone as a mediator of strain-induced response, and a novel glassy cytoskeletal dynamics. These provide a multiscale view of the current understanding of ASM biomechanics, which may shed new light, and hopefully lead to a better approach in addressing fundamental issues in asthma phathophysiology.

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邓林红.气道平滑肌生物力学与哮喘病理机制的研究进展[J].医用生物力学,2009,24(4):237-245

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  • 收稿日期:2009-04-14
  • 最后修改日期:2009-04-14
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