Objective To describe the characteristics of cerebral vascular hemodynamic indexes (CVHI) in a rural population over 40 years. Methods Participants over 40 years were selected from a rural area by cluster sampling. General information, common risk factors of stroke were investigated and CVHIs were checked. All participants being enlisted in the study were grouped by age, gender, left and right carotid checking position. Differences of CVHIs between groups were compared and overall distributional characteristics were described. Results CVHIs, such as Vmax, Vmin, Vmean, Qmean and Dp in the population, were decreased along with ageing, while Wv, Zcv, Rv, DR and Cp were increased with ageing. There were differences of the indexes between left or right carotid, as well as male or female, but no obvious trends. Conclusions There is significant relationship between the change of CVHIs and ageing.